The first measurement of transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in the pion-induced Drell-Yan (DY) process is reported. We use the CERN SPS 190  GeV/c π^{-} beam and a transversely polarized ammonia target. Three azimuthal asymmetries giving access to different transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs) are extracted using dimuon events with invariant mass between 4.3  GeV/c^{2} and 8.5  GeV/c^{2}. Within the experimental uncertainties, the observed sign of the Sivers asymmetry is found to be consistent with the fundamental prediction of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) that the Sivers TMD PDFs extracted from DY have a sign opposite to the one extracted from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) data. We present two other asymmetries originating from the pion Boer-Mulders TMD PDFs convoluted with either the nucleon transversity or pretzelosity TMD PDFs. A recent COMPASS SIDIS measurement was obtained at a hard scale comparable to that of these DY results. This opens the way for possible tests of fundamental QCD universality predictions.

We have performed the most comprehensive resonance-model fit of π − π − π þ states using the results of our previously published partial-wave analysis (PWA) of a large data set of diffractive-dissociation events from the reaction π − þ p → π − π − π þ þ p recoil with a 190 GeV=c pion beam. The PWA results, which were obtained in 100 bins of three-pion mass, 0.5 < m 3π < 2.5 GeV=c 2 , and simultaneously in 11 bins of the reduced four-momentum transfer squared, 0.1 < t 0 < 1.0 ðGeV=cÞ 2 , are subjected to a resonance-model fit using Breit-Wigner amplitudes to simultaneously describe a subset of 14 selected waves using 11 isovector light-meson states with J PC ¼ 0 −þ , 1 þþ , 2 þþ , 2 −þ , 4 þþ , and spin-exotic 1 −þ quantum numbers. The model contains the well-known resonances πð1800Þ, a 1 ð1260Þ, a 2 ð1320Þ, π 2 ð1670Þ, π 2 ð1880Þ, and a 4 ð2040Þ. In addition, it includes the disputed π 1 ð1600Þ, the excited states a 1 ð1640Þ, a 2 ð1700Þ, and π 2 ð2005Þ, as well as the resonancelike a 1 ð1420Þ. We measure the resonance parameters mass and width of these objects by combining the information from the PWA results obtained in the 11 t 0 bins. We extract the relative branching fractions of the ρð770Þπ and f 2 ð1270Þπ decays of a 2 ð1320Þ and a 4 ð2040Þ, where the former one is measured for the first time. In a novel approach, we extract the t 0 dependence of the intensity of the resonances and of their phases. The t 0 dependence of the intensities of most resonances differs distinctly from the t 0 dependence of the nonresonant components. For the first time, we determine the t 0 dependence of the phases of the production amplitudes and confirm that the production mechanism of the Pomeron exchange is common to all resonances. We have performed extensive systematic studies on the model dependence and correlations of the measured physical parameters.

The COMPASS Collaboration at CERN has measured diffractive dissociation of 190  GeV/c pions into the π(-)π(-)π(+) final state using a stationary hydrogen target. A partial-wave analysis (PWA) was performed in bins of 3π mass and four-momentum transfer using the isobar model and the so far largest PWA model consisting of 88 waves. A narrow peak is observed in the f0(980)π channel with spin, parity and C-parity quantum numbers J(PC)=1(++). We present a resonance-model study of a subset of the spin-density matrix selecting 3π states with J(PC)=2(++) and 4(++) decaying into ρ(770)π and with J(PC)=1(++) decaying into f0(980)π. We identify a new a1 meson with mass (1414(-13)(+15))  MeV/c2 and width (153(-23)(+8))  MeV/c2. Within the final states investigated in our analysis, we observe the new a1(1420) decaying only into f0(980)π, suggesting its exotic nature.

A semi-inclusive measurement of charged hadron multiplicities in deep inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target was performed using data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN. The following kinematic domain is covered by the data: photon virtuality Q 2 > 1 ðGeV=cÞ 2 , invariant mass of the hadronic system W > 5 GeV=c 2 , Bjorken scaling variable in the range 0.003 < x < 0.4, fraction of the virtual photon energy carried by the hadron in the range 0.2 < z < 0.8, and square of the hadron transverse momentum with respect to the virtual photon direction in the range 0.02 ðGeV=cÞ 2 < P 2 hT < 3 ðGeV=cÞ 2 . The multiplicities are presented as a function of P 2 hT in three-dimensional bins of x, Q 2 , z and compared to previous semi-inclusive measurements. We explore the small-P 2 hT region, i.e. P 2 hT < 1 ðGeV=cÞ 2 , where hadron transverse momenta are expected to arise from nonperturbative effects, and also the domain of larger P 2 hT , where contributions from higher-order perturbative QCD are expected to dominate. The multiplicities are fitted using a single-exponential function at small P 2 hT to study the dependence of the average transverse momentum hP 2 hT i on x, Q 2 and z. The power-law behavior of the multiplicities at large P 2 hT is investigated using various functional forms. The fits describe the data reasonably well over the full measured range.

Eight proton transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries are extracted in four regions of the photon virtuality Q2 from the COMPASS 2010 semi-inclusive hadron measurements in deep inelastic muon–nucleon scattering. These Q2 regions correspond to the four regions of the di-muon mass View the MathML source used in the ongoing analyses of the COMPASS Drell–Yan measurements, which allows for a future direct comparison of the nucleon transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions extracted from these two alternative measurements. In addition, for the azimuthal asymmetries induced by the Sivers transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution function various two-dimensional kinematic dependences are presented. The integrated Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive with an accuracy that appears to be sufficient to test the sign change of the Sivers function predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics