Genetic Algorithms (GAs) is proven to be effective in solving many optimization tasks. GAs is one of the optimization tools used widely in solving problems based on natural selection and genetics. This paper is intended to cover the study of GA and parallel GA and analyses its usage in CPU and GPU. One of the popular ways to speed up the processing time was by running them as parallel. The idea of parallel GAs may refer to an algorithm that works by dividing large problem into smaller tasks. Broad literature review in this paper includes a categorization of the GA operations that involved with some theories and techniques used in GA, presented with the aid of diagrams. This review attempts to study and analyse the behaviour of GA and parallel GA categories to work in GPU depending on the type of genetic algorithm. Parallel GA for GPU covers the architecture of Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA).
An impedance modeling for a unit cell of the circular loop and square loop FSS structure is presented in this paper. The unit cell of the circular loop and square loop FSS are designed and simulated using the CST Microwave Studio software at 2.4 GHz based on industrial, scientific and medical bands (ISM). The design FSS structure consists of FSS structures placed on the FR4 and glass. The reflection (Sl1) and transmission (S21) of the design FSS structure is analyzed based on the six types of configuration that have been set up. The hybrid material (FR4 and glass) effect the transmission and reflection signal of the FSS. The highest efficiency for circular loop FSS and square loop FSS are 91.4% and 88.1% with a return loss of -25.31 dB and -18.72 dB by using configuration 1. The frequency response of the FSS is shifted to the lower part when the hybrid materials are used. So, the size of the FSS can be reduced by using hybrid materials to achieve the desired frequency response
This paper proposed the dual band printed omnidirectional antenna for RFID applications at 2.45GHz. This antenna is made up from the double U-stubs and meander collinear structure. The antenna is based on the microstrip type of antenna. The return loss of the proposed antenna at 2.45GHzis -1O.61dB and the bandwidth is 122MHz. The gain that has been achieved for this proposed antenna is 3.798dB.
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