No abstract

Cereals are the major source of energy to good health over the world. The major and minor cereals are consumed either processed and semi processed with addition of other food ingredients. The cereals contains nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, fat and some of cereals having good amount of dietary fibre (soluble and insoluble). Some cereals especially colored rice, colored wheat, colored maize and some millets having the functional bioactive components such as polyphenols, tocopherol, orzyzenol (antioxidants) and vitamins these cereals having functional properties and ultimately fight against diseases and prevent or control the some disease in body i.e. cardiovascular risk, reduces the risk of cancer, type-2 diabetes, hypertension, high blood pressure etc. The cereal is consumed with pulses and fulfils the requirements essentials amino acid and its availability. Functional foods are consumed around the world; each functional food has its significance unique properties like taste, aroma, texture, consistency and flavour. The food may be consumed fermented while some are non-fermented. Fermented cereals are increasing the vitamins B complex and some other nutrients.

to compute the optimum dose and source of sulphur in maize and to evaluate the impact of sulphur on growth, yield attributes and yield of maize. The experiment was carried out with three different sources of sulphur (Gypsum, Ammonium Sulphate and Bentonite Sulphur) and three levels (S @ 40 kg ha -1 , S @ 60 kg ha -1 and S @80 kg ha -1 ) and one source as urea, DAP and MOP and another source as urea, SSP and MOP comprising of eleven treatment combinations which were laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. In all the treatments nitrogen was applied in two split doses 50% as basal and 50% as top dressing at 45 DAS and entire dose of phosphorous, potassium and sulphur were applied as basal. Treatment T 1 was application of recommended dose of fertilizer i.e., N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O-S @ 200-60-50-60 kg ha -1 without sulphur. Treatment T 2 was application of recommended dose of fertilizer through Urea, SSP and MOP. T 3 was T 1 + application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha -1 through gypsum; T 4 was T 1 + application of sulphur @ 60 kg ha -1 through gypsum; T 5 was T 1 + application of sulphur @ 80 kg ha -1 through gypsum. T 6 was T 1 + application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha -1 through ammonium sulphate. T 7 was T 1 + application of sulphur @ 60 kg ha -1 through ammonium sulphate. T 8 was T 1 + application of sulphur @ 80 kg ha -1 through ammonium sulphate. T 9 was T 1 + application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha -1 through bentonite sulphur. T 10 was T 1 + application of sulphur @ 60 kg ha -1 through bentonite sulphur. T 10 was T 1 + application of sulphur @ 80 kg ha -1 through bentonite sulphur. Highest grain (5596 kg ha -1 ) and stover yield (6995 kg ha -1 ) was recorded by treatment T 10 (S@60 kg ha -1 through bentonite sulphur) followed by treatment T 2 (5581 and 6976 kg ha -1 ) S@40 kg ha -1 through urea, SSP and DAP. Highest gross returns were recorded by T 10 (Rs. 80139 ha -1 ) followed by T 2 (Rs. 78623 ha -1 ) though highest B: C ratio was recorded by T 2 because of higher cost of bentonite sulphur fertilizer.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2018 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU to evaluate the effect of various sources of zinc and iron on grain yield, nutrient uptake and grain quality parameters of finger millet. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 14 treatments and replicated thrice.The results revealed that application of different Zinc and iron sources at different rates significantly influenced the grain yield, nutrient (N, P and K) uptake and grain quality parameters (protein and calcium content) of finger millet. Highest grain yield (3653 kg ha-1), protein (11.25%) and calcium content (2.33%) in grain were obtained in the treatment receiving RDF + foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with treatment receiving RDF + foliar application of Fe-humate twice at 30 and 60 DAS (3612 kg ha-1, 10.90% and 2.0%) and the lowest grain yield (1995 kg ha-1), (6.25%) and calcium content (1.10%) were recorded with application of RDF alone. The nutrient uptake (N, P, K and Fe) at all the crop growth stages was significantly higher with the treatment receiving RDF (60:40:30 kg N,P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) + foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with treatment receiving RDF+ foliar application of Fe-humate twice at 30 and 60 DAS. Highest iron uptake was recorded in treatment receiving RDF+foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with T8, T14 treatments.The highest nutrient uptake of Zinc was obtained in treatment receiving RDF + Zn Humate foliar spray @ 0.25% twice at 30 and 60 days after sowing which was on par with treatment receiving RDF + Zn Humate soil  application. Contrary to the grain yield, nutrient uptake, protein and calcium content there were no significant differences between treatments with respect to Zn, Fe and carbohydrate content in grain.

An experiment was conducted at college farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, in Sandy loam soils during rabi, 2020 to study the effect of nano nitrogen and nano zinc on the yield and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa. L). The experiment was carried out in randomised block design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. Results revealed that application of 50% conventional nitrogen fertilizer + foliar spray of 4 ml L-1 nano nitrogen at tillering and before panicle initiation stage + foliar spray of 2 ml L-1 nano zinc at tillering and before panicle initiation stage (T10) significantly increased the  grain yield (6810 kg ha-1) and uptake of nitrogen (147.7 kg ha-1), phosphorous (30.0 kg ha-1), potassium (137.9 kg ha-1) and zinc (367 kg ha-1) which were on par with (T9) application of 50% conventional nitrogen fertilizer + foliar spray of 4 ml L-1 nano nitrogen at tillering and before panicle initiation stage.