Fiber-optic multi-band transmission (MBT) aims at exploiting the low-loss spectral windows of single-mode fibers (SMFs) for data transport, expanding by ∼11× the available bandwidth of C-band line systems and by ∼5× C+L-band line systems'. MBT offers a high potential for cost-efficient throughput upgrades of optical networks, even in absence of available dark-fibers, as it utilizes more efficiently the existing infrastructures. This represents the main advantage compared to approaches such as multi-mode/-core fibers or spatial division multiplexing. Furthermore, the industrial trend is clear: the first commercial C+L-band systems are entering the market and research has moved toward the neighboring S-band. This article discusses the potential and challenges of MBT covering the ITU-T optical bands O → L. MBT performance is assessed by addressing the generalized SNR (GSNR) including both the linear and non-linear fiber propagation effects. Non-linear fiber propagation is taken into account by computing the generated non-linear interference by using the generalized Gaussian-noise (GGN) model, which takes into account the interaction of nonlinear fiber propagation with stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and in general considers wavelength-dependent fiber parameters. For linear effects, we hypothesize typical components' figures and discussion on components' limitations, such as transceivers', amplifiers' and filters' are not part of this work. We focus on assessing the transmission throughput that is realistic to achieve by using feasible multi-band components without specific optimizations and implementation discussion. So, results are meant to address the potential throughput scaling by turningon excess fiber transmission bands. As transmission fiber, we focus exclusively on the ITU-T G.652.D, since it is the most widely deployed fiber type worldwide and the mostly suitable to multi-band transmission, thanks to its ultra-wide low-loss singlemode high-dispersion spectral region. Similar analyses could be This work was fundedby the H2020 Metro-Haul project, no. 761727; and by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie ETN WON, grant agreements 814276.
We investigated the reach increase obtained through non-linearity mitigation by means of transmission symbol rate optimization (SRO). First, we did this theoretically and simulatively. We showed that the non-linearity model that properly accounts for the phenomenon is the EGN model, in its version that specifically includes four-wave mixing. We then found that for PM-QPSK systems at full-C-band the reach increase may be substantial, on the order of 10%-25%, with optimum symbol rates on the order of 2-to-6 GBaud. We extended the investigation to PM-16QAM, where we found a qualitatively similar effect, although the potential reach increase is typically only about 50% to 60% of that of PM-QPSK. We show that, for C-band PM-QPSK systems over SMF, the potential mitigation due to SRO is greater than that ideally granted by digital back-propagation (the latter applied over a bandwidth of a 32-GBaud channel).We then set up an experiment to obtain confirmation of the theoretical and simulative predictions. It consisted of 19 PM-QPSK channels, operating at 128 Gbit/s per channel, over PSCF, with span length 108 km and EDFA-only amplification. We demonstrated a reach increase of about 13.5%, when going from single-carrier per channel transmission, at 32 GBaud, to 8subcarrier per channel, at 4 GBaud, in line with the EGN model predictions.
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In the framework of the EU-funded research project "FABULOUS" we experimentally demonstrate an innovative FDMA-PON architecture whose upstream transmission is based on a reflective Mach-Zehnder modulator. By a careful optimization of electrical spectrum allocation, semiconductor optical amplifier biasing point and modulation index, we upgrade previous results over similar architectures, significantly increasing the achievable optical distribution network loss. We demonstrate an overall upstream capacity of 32 Gbps per wavelength over 37 km of installed fiber and 31 dB loss.
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