A six parent F 2 diallel of soybeans was evaluated in potted acid sand culture with the objective of estimating combining ability and heterosis for aluminium stress tolerance. Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes, crosses (F 2 /R), Parents, F 2 , Reciprocals (R) and Parents Vs (F 2 /R) for the root dry weight, shoot dry weight and relative root surface area. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for the three traits, except the root dry weight, where the SCA was not significant. The result also showed the presence of both additive and dominance gene action and the preponderance of the former compared to the later, indicating the possibility of selection of pure lines from the genotypes studied. Selection from TGX 1896-3F and TGX 1844-18E and crosses involving these two genotypes on acid soil would enhance a rapid progress in the breeding of aluminium tolerant genotypes of soybeans.
campus during the 2009 cropping season to study the effect of sources of organic manures on the growth and yield of two cultivars of Garden egg in the subhumid Guinea Savanna and rainforest belts of Nigeria. A factorial combination of Garden egg varieties (Solanum aethiopicum-Gilo and Solanum aethiopicum kumba) and manure sources (0,5,10,20 t ha-1 moringa leaf biomas, 5, 10,15, t ha-1 poultry droppings, 1,2,3 t ha-1 fertiplus) were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. All organic manure resources significantly (P < 0.05) increased the growth and yield of the garden egg cultivars over control. Poultry droppings at 15 t ha-1 produce tallest plants, highest number of fruits per plant and highest yield of 9.18 t ha-1 and 8.65 t ha-1 respectively for Makurdi and Obubra, this was followed by Moringa 20 t ha-1 (7.22 and 6.68 t ha-1) respectively for Makurdi and Obubra and Fertiplus 3 t ha-1 with yield of 6.78 and 5.77 t ha-1 respectively for Makurdi and Obubra. Moringa 20 t ha 1 produce the highest dry matter of the plants. The least fruit number of fruits per plant than Kumba and fruit yield in t ha-1 was higher in Gilo. There was no significant interaction between varieties and manure. Yield of both varieties was higher in Makurdi than Obubra Moringa Oleifera leaf biomas and poultry droppings are promising soil conditioners for optimum production of garden egg.
<p>Experiments in acid sand culture, acid and neutral soil fields were carried out in 2003 with the objective of studying genetic variability and correlation among seedling and mature plant traits with a view of guiding breeders on appropriate selection options in breeding for aluminium/acid stress tolerant soybean in Nigeria. Genotypic variance was high for all the sand culture traits (root dry weight, shoot dry weight and relative root surface area), leading to the high heritability estimates of 77.85% to 83.72%. Genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GA) was very high (85.51%-155.84%) for the sand culture traits. As expected, a better performance in terms of grain yield and yield components was observed for the neutral soil field compared to the acid soil field. However, higher heritability estimates were observed for the field traits measured on the acid soil field compared to the neutral soil field. Heritability estimates for the days to flowering and plant height were high (66.44%-79.63%) compared to the moderate heritability (47.42%-58.89%) observed for the number of pods/plant and grain yield on both soils. Conversely, the GA for days to flowering and plant height was lower (12.08%-26.49%) compared to the values (27.27%-41.56%) observed for number of pods/plant and grain yield on both fields. Higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation (GCV and PCV) were observed for the sand culture traits compared to the field traits. On the acid and neutral soil fields GCV and PCV values were lower for the days to flowering and plant height compared to the values observed for the number of pods/plant and grain yield, with highly significant correlation between/within the sand culture traits and the field traits. These results indicate that selection of soybean genotypes with high seedling root dry weight and relative root surface area in acid sand culture at 450 μM Al<sup>3+</sup> will enhance progress in the selection of high yielding acid tolerant tropically adapted genotypes of soybean on acid soils of Nigeria.</p>
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