Background Vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are being promoted worldwide. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between adverse reactions and the profile of vaccinated recipients. Methods Vaccinated subjects who received two doses of BNT162b2 between May 17 and June 11, 2021, at Osaka University Dental Hospital were included in this study. Adverse reactions and profiles were collected by questionnaires, and the relationship between the presence of adverse reactions and the profiles of the vaccinated persons was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The correlation between the severity of adverse reactions and age was analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that, for many kinds of adverse reactions, the incidence was significantly higher in females than in males and in younger than in older people. There was a very weak but significant negative correlation between age and the severity of many kinds of adverse reactions. The relationship between sex and the incidence of each adverse reaction was significant for injection site reactions and fatigue in the first vaccination, whereas significant relationships were found for fatigue, chills, fever, arthralgia, myalgia and headache in the second vaccination, all of which were clearly more likely to occur in females. Conclusion Adverse reactions to BNT162b2 were found to be more frequent and more intense in females and younger people in Japan, especially after the second vaccination.

Background: Chemotherapy often results in dermatologic toxicities, which decrease quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients. These adverse skin reactions sometimes happen simultaneously. Though previous reports have demonstrated that skin reactions influence QOL, those reports were focused on only one kind of skin toxicity or on the most serious skin toxicity. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the contribution of each skin toxicity to QOL. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study at Kinki Central Hospital. Patients were enrolled who underwent skin toxic chemotherapy from April 1 to June 30, 2017. DLQI and Skindex29 were used to grade the QOL of patients. Also, the severity of skin toxicities was evaluated based on National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 (NCI-CTCAE ver4.0). We investigated how QOL changed with patient demographic and clinical characteristics, the worst skin toxicity grade, and each skin toxicity using statistical analyses. Results: No significant differences were detected between QOL scores (total score of DLQI, emotions domain, symptoms domain, functioning domain and total score of Skindex29) and patient demographic and clinical characteristics (P values were 0.155, 0.086, 0.052, 0.312 and 0.114, respectively). There were statistically significant QOL differences among the grades of the worst skin toxicity (P values were <0.001). Xerosis, paronycia, pigmentation, and hand foot syndrome showed statistically significant associations with some QOL domains analyzed by multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted by demographic characteristics. When adjusted by both demographic characteristics and other skin toxicities, three of xerosis, paronycia, and pigmentation showed no statistically significant associations, but hand foot syndrome showed statistically significant associations in all subdomains and total score of Skindex29 (P values were <0.05). Conclusions: Hand foot syndrome was a stronger factor in decreasing QOL than xerosis, paronychia, pigmentation, or rash. Therefore, especially in hand foot syndrome, prevention, early detection, and daily medical care are necessary to maintain QOL.

Matching transformation system (MA-T) is an on-demand aqueous chlorine dioxide solution. It is a disinfectant developed to maximize the safety of chlorine dioxide radical in water and its effectiveness against various microorganisms. In this study, we examined the safety and effectiveness of MA-T for its use in various infectious disease countermeasures, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and consider if MA-T can be implemented in society. To validate the safety of MA-T, we conducted safety tests and efficacy tests in accordance with GLP-based reliability criteria. To evaluate the efficacy, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) confirmation tests against various bacteria, and virus inactivation test against various viruses including SARS-CoV-2 by TCID 50 method were performed. The results of safety tests showed that MA-T was at least as safe as Japanese tap water. As a result of efficacy tests for microorganisms, MA-T was effective against many bacteria. Efficacy tests for virus showed that MA-T inactivates SARS-CoV-1, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), rotavirus A (RV-A), hepatitis C virus (HCV), dengue virus (DENV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). MA-T also inactivated 99.98% of SARS-CoV-2, which is equivalent to ethanol for disinfection. MA-T has proven to be a safe and effective disinfectant. MA-T is a next-generation disinfectant that has the potential to be safer and more effective than conventional chlorine disinfectants and other disinfectants. It also proved to be an effective disinfectant against SARS-CoV-2, which is currently causing pandemic all over the world.