Variáveis de impacto na queda da mortalidade infantil no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 1998 a 2008Impact variables on the decline in infant mortality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: 1998-2008 Resumo Trata-
OBJECTIVETo identify and analyze factors associated with preventable child deaths.METHODSThis analytical cross-sectional study had preventable child mortality as dependent variable. From a population of 34,284 live births, we have selected a systematic sample of 4,402 children who did not die compared to 272 children who died from preventable causes during the period studied. The independent variables were analyzed in four hierarchical blocks: sociodemographic factors, the characteristics of the mother, prenatal and delivery care, and health conditions of the patient and neonatal care. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis and estimated multiple hierarchical logistic regression models.RESULTSApproximatelly 35.3% of the deaths could have been prevented with the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases during pregnancy and 26.8% of them could have been prevented with better care conditions for pregnant women.CONCLUSIONSThe following characteristics of the mother are determinant for the higher mortality of children before the first year of life: living in neighborhoods with an average family income lower than four minimum wages, being aged ≤ 19 years, having one or more alive children, having a child with low APGAR level at the fifth minute of life, and having a child with low birth weight.
Resumo: Objetivou-se verificar o impacto do monitoramento telefônico na prevalência da prematuridade e identificar os fatores de risco associados ao parto prematuro através de estudo transversal, de universo de gestantes monitoradas nos anos de 2010, 2011 e 2012 (n = 2.739). Utilizou-se estimação de modelos de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, considerando permanência no modelo p ≤ 0,05. A prevalência de prematuridade foi de 8,34% nas gestantes monitoradas e de 10,18% nas não monitoradas (p = 0,0058), sendo inversamente proporcional ao número de monitoramentos (p < 0,0001). As variáveis associadas foram: idade materna menor que 19 anos, antecedentes de dois ou mais filhos mortos, gestação múltipla, diabetes e hipertensão arterial, menor número de monitoramentos telefônicos, atividades laborais em pé e/ou carga de peso, fumo, número de consultas pré-natal, sem ultrassonografia, diabetes gestacional, gravidez múltipla e anomalia fetal. Com custos baixos, a estratégia demonstrou ser efetiva na redução da ocorrência do parto prematuro.
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