The
objective of the present work is to determine the potentials
of woody residues from agriculture (tree trimmings or vine shoots)
for fuel applications. Fraunhofer UMSICHT is carrying out research
for a new thermochemical conversion technology to convert biogenic
residues into valuable storable products, such as carbonizates, hydrogen,
and fuel. Thermo-catalytic reforming (TCR) is an intermediate pyrolysis
combined with a unique integrated catalytic reforming step. In this
experimental study, the TCR of three different woody biomasses has
been investigated in a 2 kg/h laboratory-scale plant. The feedstocks
were woody residues produced from the pruning of agricultural lands.
This is a sustainable biomass solution with an up-to-date great unexploited
potential. The results revealed that the composition of the feedstock
had only a minor effect in the compositions and characterizations
of the products, with the catalytic reforming step at 973 K. The gas
had a higher heating value between 14.6 and 14.9 MJ/kg and a high
H2 content at 33–36 vol %. The bio-oil obtained
had a low water content and a high heating value. The high quality
of the bio-oil is reflected in the low O/C ratio of 0.15 ± 0.04.
The study revealed that the quality of pyrolysis bio-oils of other
processes, such as fast pyrolysis, is only comparable to TCR bio-oils
after additional intense hydrodeoxygenation treatment. The carbonizate
generated had a high heating value and a high carbon content. As a
result of the low O/C ratio, the carbonizate has a high stability
and, consequently, good carbon storage in soil.
Biomass has become an important approach to meet the current requirements of energy and oil alternatives. In recent years, extensive research has been carried out on the transformation of biological wastes into biofuels and through pyrolysis, which may gradually be replacing the crude-oil resources. One promising pyrolysis route is intermediate pyrolysis. Which opens the field to the valorization of a high variety of biological residues into biofuels including gasses, liquid chemicals and carbonisate. In the present work, the Thermo-Catalytic Reforming-TCR ® technology based on intermediate pyrolysis with integrated catalytic reforming is discussed, showing high productivity and higher quality biofuels compared to traditional pyrolysis systems. This paper illustrates the data from the up-scaling of the TCR ® system from laboratory scale to pilot scale using sewage sludge as feedstock. The effects of the design differences are studied from the point of view of the qualities of products, mass and energy balances of the laboratory unit upon the pilot unit.
A thermocatalytic reforming (TCR®) unit patented by Fraunhofer UMSICHT was tested to convert lignocellulosic biomass and three organic wastes, digestate, paper sludge, and sewage sludge, into enhanced pyrolysis products. The TCR® reactor is an intermediate pyrolysis screw reactor connected to a reformer. hawse have explored the TCR® of four feedstocks in a 2 kg h−1 laboratory‐scale plant. The aim of the work was to compare the product yields and qualities (biochar, bio‐oil, and syngas) obtained by using TCR® under the same pyrolysis conditions (pyrolysis at 400 °C and postcatalytic reforming at 700 °C). Finally, paper sludge bio‐oil was distilled at several temperatures to obtain the oil fractions. High‐quality bio‐oil and syngas from four different kinds of biomass were obtained and compared to that from traditional intermediate pyrolysis and fast pyrolysis. The bio‐oil showed a high higher heating value (HHV) (35–38 MJ kg−1) independent of the kind of biomass used, and the total acid number was 1.8–5.4 mgKOH g−1. Fractional distillation led to a gasoline‐like light fraction and an overall distillation rate of 74 %.
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