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This paper is concerned with synaptic coding when inputs to a neuron change over time. Experiments were performed on a living and simulated embodiment of a prototypical inhibitory synapse. These were used to test a simple model composed of a fixed delay preceding a nonlinear encoder. Based on these results, we present a qualitative model for phenomena previously observed in the living preparation, including hysteresis and dependence of discharge regularity on rate of change of presynaptic spike rate. As change is the rule rather than the exception in nature, understanding neurons responses to nonstationarity is essential for understanding their function.

In recent years, peer-to-peer (P2P) applications have become the dominant form of Internet traffic. Foxy, a Chinese community focused filesharing tool, is increasingly being used to disseminate private data and sensitive documents in Hong Kong. Unfortunately, its scattered design and a highly distributed network make it difficult to locate a file originator. This paper proposes an investigative model for analyzing Foxy communications and identifying the first uploaders of files. The model is built on the results of several experiments, which reveal behavior patterns of the Foxy protocol that can be used to expose traces of file originators.

Performing live forensics investigation becomes a trend in digital forensics. Different vendors and software developer implement their own investigation procedures. By applying FORZA framework -a digital forensics investigation framework, investigation requirement could be translated and formulated into criteria in applying appropriate forensics investigation requirement. Through this model, only necessary searching would be applied to live investigation process instead of simply passing all investigation process to live investigation unintentionally.In this paper, the FORZA framework that applied to live forensics investigation will be presented and illustrated using the investigation of the first BT illegal movie upload investigation.