RESUMO -(Florística e fitossociologia do componente arbóreo de uma floresta ribeirinha, arroio Passo das Tropas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil). Florestas ribeirinhas são caracterizadas por alta heterogeneidade ambiental, onde diferentes fatores físicos e bióticos regulam o mosaico vegetacional. Embora sejam áreas prioritárias à conservação, devido a sua fragilidade e importância, poucos estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos nestes ambientes, em especial no Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo do presente estudo é caracterizar a composição florística e a estrutura fitossociológica de um trecho de floresta ribeirinha em Santa Maria, RS. Para o levantamento, foram demarcadas 100 parcelas de 10×10m cada, dispostas paralelamente ao curso do rio, onde todos os indivíduos arbóreos PAP ≥ 15cm foram amostrados. Foram amostrados 2.195 indivíduos vivos e mais 137 mortos ainda em pé. Os indivíduos vivos pertencem a 57 espécies de 47 gêneros distribuídos em 26 famílias. As espécies com maiores valores de importância foram Gymnanthes concolor Spreng, Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) Smith & Downs, Eugenia uniflora L., Plinia rivularis (Camb.) Rotman e Sebastiania brasiliensis Spreng. O índice de diversidade (H') foi de 2,73 nats/indivíduos e a equabilidade (J') 0,69 nats/indivíduos, valores considerados intermediários em comparação a outros levantamentos. A maioria das espécies amostradas (57%) provém do oeste do Estado, características das bacias do Paraná-Uruguai, enquanto que 41% são de ampla distribuição e apenas uma espécie provém do corredor atlântico. Palavras-chave: estrutura da comunidade, florestas ribeirinhas, fitogeografia, rota de migração de plantasABSTRACT -(Floristic composition and structure of arboreal species in a riverine forest, Passo das Tropas River, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil). Riverine forests have great environmental diversity, where many factors, physical and biotical, play a role on the vegetation mosaic. Although riverine forests are hot spots for conservation, because of their fragility and ecological importance, few studies has been made in these areas, especially in Rio Grande do Sul State. The aim of this work is to determine the floristic composition and the vegetation structure of arboreal species in a riverine forest in Santa Maria municipality. All individuals with PBH ≥ 15 cm were sampled within 100 plots, each one 100m 2 . A total of 2,195 living and 137 standing dead individuals were sampled, belonging to 57 species and 26 botanicals families. The species with the largest importance values are Gymnanthes concolor Spreng, Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) Smith & Downs, Eugenia uniflora L., Plinia rivularis (Camb.) Rotman and Sebastiania brasiliensis Spreng. The diversity index (H') was 2.73 nats/individuals and the equability (J') 0.69 nats/individuals, which are considered intermediates values when compared with others works. More than half of the species (57%) belong to the eastern migratory group, characteristic of the Paraná-Uruguai basin, while 41% of the species have a large distribution in the Sta...

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RESUMO -(Distribuição espacial de Mesadenella cuspidata (Lindl.) Garay (Orchidaceae) em uma floresta ribeirinha em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil). Mesadenella cuspidata é uma orquídea terrícola encontrada no interior de florestas no Sul do Brasil. Apesar de seu valor ecológico e ornamental, pouco se conhece sobre a biologia desta espécie. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar o padrão de distribuição espacial de M. cuspidata e verificar se há correlação entre o número de indivíduos jovens e adultos em uma floresta ribeirinha. Para o levantamento, foram amostradas 60 parcelas de 16m 2 cada. Durante agosto e setembro/2001 foram inventariados os indivíduos jovens e adultos das parcelas. Para identificar-se o padrão de distribuição espacial, utilizaram-se o índice de Morisita (MI) e a razão de variância/ média (R). Foram encontrados 463 indivíduos jovens e 178 adultos. Indivíduos jovens e adultos apresentaram distribuição espacial agrupada, sendo que os adultos (IM = 2,17; R = 4,52) estão mais agrupados que os jovens (IM = 1,82; R = 7,82). O coeficiente de correlação linear encontrado r = 0,61, demonstrou que a densidade de indivíduos adultos está altamente relacionada à densidade de indivíduos jovens.Palavras-chave: padrão espacial, tamanho populacional, estádios ontogenéticos, parâmetros populacionais, Orchidaceae ABSTRACT -(Spatial distribution of Mesadenella cuspidata (Lindl.) Garay (Orchidaceae) in a riparian forest, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil). Mesadenella cuspidata (Lindl.) Garay is a terrestrial orchid found inside Southern Brazilian forests. In spite of its ecological and ornamental value, little information is aviable on its biology. The aim of this work was the identification of the spatial distribution patterns of M. cuspidata in a riparian forest. We have sampled 60 quadrats of 16m 2 each. All the young and adult individuals of the quadrats were included. To identify the pattern of spatial distribution, the Morisita Index (MI) and the variance/mean Reason (R) were used. The linear correlation coefficient was used to verify if there is correlation between populations of the juvenils and adults. From 641 individuals sampled, 463 were juvenils and 178 were adults. Juvenils and adult individuals presented gregarious spatial distribution, but the adults (MI = 2,17; R = 4,52) were more gregarious than the juvenils (IM = 1,82; R = 7,82). The high relation between the densities of adults and juvenils had been demonstrated by the value of the linear correlation coefficient found, r = 0,61.

Most studies concerning climbing plants have focused on lianas, forest ecosystems, and tropical regions. Thus, the majority of existing information is not relevant to all climbing plants (lianas and vines) or all ecoregions of the world (forested and non-forested). We provide an update on floristic and distributional data available for climbing plants in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil's southernmost state, which is located within subtropical and temperate zones and includes a variety of forest and non-forest vegetation types. A total of 448 climbing plant species were confirmed and documented by voucher specimens, revealing a diversity similar to that registered for trees in the state (533). The significant contribution of climbing species to the regional flora, the differences in floristic composition and species richness among the state's eight vegetation types, and the high number of endangered species found in this extratropical region reveal the requirement to expand studies of climbing plants to include environments beyond tropical forests. Furthermore, the importance of herbaceous climbing species in subtropical and temperate floras demonstrates that they should be included in ecological studies of climbing plants, and that future analyses could detect unique or divergent patterns between herbaceous and woody climbers.

Prosopanche cocuccii is described as a new species from Southern Brazil. It resembles P. bonacinae due to the trigonous rhizome and by the general size of the flower organs. Nevertheless, P. cocuccii is distinguished by the main floral morphological characteristics used to differentiate species. In addition, the new species presents some rare characters for the genus, such as a highly branched rhizome and flowers usually grouped in fascicles. We provide a description, illustrations, field photographs, morphological details under the stereomicroscope, and comments on habitat, ecology, distribution, and conservation of the new species, as well as an updated key for the genus Prosopanche. In addition, we identified that P. cocuccii produces a large number of rhizomes and fruits for each single host specimen of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), which resulted in a decrease in height and growth of its only known host plant.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Fruits of Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. were collected in the municipal district of Santa Maria and Jaguarí (RS) with the objective of characterizing some local races used by the producers. Three populations of L. siceraria were characterized and classified as casco-grosso caciquense, casco-fino caciquense and casco-grosso precoce. It was made a morphologic characterization based on descriptors of mature fruit, seeking to verify the existent genetic divergence among these local races. The data were submitted the grouping analysis, as dissimilarity measure was used the distance of Mahalanobis (D²) and the used grouping methods were the "Método do vizinho mais próximo" (Single Linkage Method) and the method of Tocher, these methods obtained the populations in two heterogeneous groups. The porongo populations collected in Santa Maria didn't show genetic divergence being placed in the same group and the population collected in Jaguarí it was placed in another group.

A evolução do conhecimento sobre a flora Rio-Grandense nos últimos 20 anos e a importância das coleções científicas no espaço acadêmico da universidade pública -os exemplos do herbário e do Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Santa MariaThe evolution of the knowledge about the Riograndean flora, in the last 20 years, and the importance of scientific collections in the academic space of the public university -the examples of the herbarium and the Botanical Garden of the UFSM