Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grown in semiarid regions is often exposed to short periods of high‐temperature (HT) stress during reproductive development. Objectives of this research were (i) to quantify the effects of short episodes of HT stress during reproductive development on physiological, growth, and yield processes of grain sorghum and (ii) to identify the stage(s) most sensitive during the reproductive development phase to HT stress. Plants of hybrid DK‐28 E were grown in growth chambers at daytime maximum/nighttime minimum optimum temperature (OT) of 32/22°C until 29 d after sowing. Thereafter, plants were exposed to OT or HT (40/30°C) or were reciprocally transferred at 10‐d intervals (10 d before flowering, 0, 10, 20, and 30 d after flowering [DAF]) from OT to HT and vice versa. Transferred plants remained in the new temperature regime for 10 d before being returned to their original temperature regime. Continuous HT stress delayed panicle emergence and decreased plant height, seed set, seed numbers, seed yield, seed size, and harvest indices but did not influence leaf photosynthesis. Exposure to short (10‐d) periods of HT stress at flowering and 10 d before flowering caused maximum decreases in seed set and seed yield, and HT stress during postflowering stages (10, 20, and 30 DAF) decreased seed yield, with a larger reduction at early stages of seed development.
Soybean production is greatly influenced by abiotic stresses imposed by environmental factors such as drought, water submergence, salt, and heavy metals. A thorough understanding of plant response to abiotic stress at the molecular level is a prerequisite for its effective management. The molecular mechanism of stress tolerance is complex and requires information at the omic level to understand it effectively. In this regard, enormous progress has been made in the omics field in the areas of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. The emerging field of ionomics is also being employed for investigating abiotic stress tolerance in soybean. Omic approaches generate a huge amount of data, and adequate advancements in computational tools have been achieved for effective analysis. However, the integration of omic-scale information to address complex genetics and physiological questions is still a challenge. In this review, we have described advances in omic tools in the view of conventional and modern approaches being used to dissect abiotic stress tolerance in soybean. Emphasis was given to approaches such as quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection (GS). Comparative genomics and candidate gene approaches are also discussed considering identification of potential genomic loci, genes, and biochemical pathways involved in stress tolerance mechanism in soybean. This review also provides a comprehensive catalog of available online omic resources for soybean and its effective utilization. We have also addressed the significance of phenomics in the integrated approaches and recognized high-throughput multi-dimensional phenotyping as a major limiting factor for the improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in soybean.
HighlightAltering root xylem developmental plasticity by increasing the number of vessels and decreasing their diameter enhances water uptake and reduces yield loss in soybean under water-limited conditions.
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