Abstract:The rational use of water is essentual as it is a finite resource. Consequerntly, studies of methids that minimize water use water are essential. As a result, agricultural hydrogels have been extensively tested in as a means of promoting agriculture improvements because of their water-and nutriente-retention characteristics. However, even though hydrogels are used in several sectors of Brazilian agriculture, there are still very few studies on their applications, the best methods and the quantities to be used. Consequently, there is a need for research into the applicability of this technology in Brazil, so that future research needs can be identified and appropriate decisions made at the production level. Therefore, the aim of this study was to collate currently available information on the applicability of agricultural hydrogels in Brazilian agriculture. Over the last decade, forestry is the sector in Brazil that has most studied and used hydrogels, but others such as fruit-and coffeegrowing have also been involved. The method of applying the polymer in granules directly mixed-in with growth substrates is the most used in the production of seedlings. However, use of hydrated gel at planting sites has also been explored. While synthetic hydrogels are most commonly used, those made of natural materials have great potential due to the low preparation costs and their in-soil biodegradability. The quantities of hydrogel used vary according to the target species, application method and objective.Key words: Water sustainable use. Hydro absorvent polymer. Application. Agricultural cultures.Resumo: A utilização racional da água faz-se necessária uma vez que esse recurso é finito, assim, estudos sobre a produção e minimização do uso da água são essenciais. A partir disso, os hidrogéis agrícolas vêm sendo amplamente testados na agricultura por promoverem benfeitorias às plantas pelas suas características de retenção de água e nutrientes. No entanto, mesmo sendo utilizados em diversos ramos da agricultura brasileira, estudos quanto aos métodos de aplicação e às quantidades utilizadas ainda são escassos, justificando a necessidade de pesquisas que elucidem a aplicabilidade dessa tecnologia, para assim gerar informações que sustentem decisões precisas no nível produtivo e experimental. Portanto, objetivou-se com este trabalho compilar as principais informações atuais quanto à aplicabilidade dos hidrogéis agrícolas na agricultura brasileira. A silvicultura é o setor que mais vem estudando e utilizando o uso dos polímeros hidrorretentores nos últimos 10 anos no Brasil, porém, setores como a fruticultura e a cafeicultura também vêm se destacando. O método de aplicação do polímero em grânulos em mistura direta com substratos é o mais utilizado na produção de mudas, todavia, a utilização do gel hidratado no local de plantio apresenta-se como uma alternativa promissora à agricultura brasileira. Os hidrogéis sintéticos são os mais utilizados, no entanto, os constituídos por materiais naturais têm grande potencial em funçã...
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh) is a native fruit tree, which is in domestication process, therefore, knowledge of nutritional needs is essential to improve the fertilization efficiency throughout plant development. The aim of this research was to determine the nutrient content of camu-camu plants as a function of nitrogen fertilization via fertirrigation in the first year of cultivation. An experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with 5 treatments as follows: 0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg.ha -1 of N, eight replicates and seven plants per experimental unit. The evaluated variables were as follows: total dry matter and nutrient contents in camu-camu leaves. The results show total dry matter of camu-camu plants, which were performed a significant quadratic behavior in response to increasing N doses. In Fact, N doses greater than 128 kg.ha -1 aroused a depressive effects. In addition, leaf contents of N, K, and Ca, had achieved a significant quadratic response and highest concentrations were recorded between 113 and 115 kg of N.ha -1 . On the other hand, micronutrients had a polynomial depressive behavior according to an increasing N doses. It can be concluded that nutrient foliar contents are adequate for the camu-camu plants development. In fact, N, Ca, K, Fe, Mn and B, were the most required nutrients. Micronutrients determined in leaves, corresponded to the following decreasing order: N> Ca> K> Mg> S> P> Mn> Fe> B> Zn> Cu, respectively. Key Words: Dry matter, micronutrients, nutrient balance (plants), plant development, plant nutrition. ResumoO camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh) é uma fruteira nativa que está em processo de domesticação, portanto, o conhecimento das necessidades nutricionais é essencial para melhorar a eficiência da adubação durante seu desenvolvimento. O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os teores de nutrientes em plantas de camu-camu em função da adubação nitrogenada via fertirrigação no primeiro ano de cultivo. O experimento foi conduzido mediante delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com 5 tratamentos: 0; 40; 80; 120 e 160 kg ha -1 de N, oito repetições e sete plantas por unidade experimental. As variáveis avaliadas foram a massa seca total e os teores de nutrientes nas folhas. Os resultados mostram que a massa seca total das plantas de camu-camu apresentou comportamento quadrático significativo em resposta às doses crescentes de N, sendo que doses maiores a 128 kg ha -1 propiciaram efeitos depressivos. Além disso, os teores foliares de N, K, Ca tiveram uma resposta quadrática significativa, sendo que as maiores concentrações foram registradas entre as doses de 113 e 115 kg de N ha -1 . Por outro lado, os micronutrientes tiveram um comportamento polinomial depressivo de acordo com os incrementos das doses de N. Pode-se concluir que os teores foliares dos nutrientes estão dentro dos adequados para o desenvolvimento das plantas de camu-camu, e os nutrientes mais exigidos foram o N, Ca, K, Fe, Mn e B, e finalmente os teores de...
The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the accumulation of shoot and root biomass and on the nutrient contents of Urochloa decumbens grown in soils with different densities. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement: four soil densities (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 kg dm-3) with and without inoculation of AMF, with four replicates. The biomass accumulation (dry matter weight of shoot and roots) and macro- and micronutrient contents of U. decumbens were determined at different soil densities. The mycorrhizal colonization of the plants was evaluated, and the number of mycorrhizal spores present in the soil was determined. The biomass accumulation of shoot and roots and macro- and micronutrient contents, as well as the number of mycorrhizal spores in the soil, were negatively affected by the increase in soil density. Only root biomass increased with AMF inoculation. There was no interaction between soil density and inoculation for shoot and root biomass accumulation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence the accumulation of biomass in the roots and of N and Ca contents in the shoots of Urochloa decumbens even at the highest soil densities.
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