Banana is one of the most important fruit crops. The major losses in banana mainly due to the fungal wilt disease which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. The pathogen is mainly soil bone and saprotrophic in nature that’s why its management is very difficult. The yearly losses of banana by this disease in the world is ranging from 60 to 90% and in India 30–40%. Sustainable management of panama wilt is must to overcome these losses occur in banana. The management strategies for longer duration through crop rotation, organic amendment, application of micronutrient like silicon (Si), borax, host-pathogen interaction, hormonal induction of defence response, biological control, transgenic approach, disease resistance developed by somaclonal variation. These approaches are mainly emphasized for long term management of the panama wilt disease.
Charcoal rot of sesame (Sesamum indicum) incited by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is an economically important disease in India and worldwide. Seed and soil borne nature, non-specific, wide host range of pathogen, difficult to manage with fungicides and absence of complete genetic resistance impelled to biochemical defence analysis against this pathogen. Treatment with non-conventional chemicals induces defence against pathogen in the form biochemical changes in plant. Hence, the present investigation was carried out to know the impact of non-conventional chemicals on changes in defence biochemical parameters in plant. As the concentration of different non conventional chemicals increased from 50, 100 and 200 ppm there was reduction in incidence of charcoal rot disease. Maximum induction of resistance was recorded by the application of salicylic acid at 200 ppm concentration after challenge inoculation with M. phaseolina followed by indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, acetyl salicylic acid, riboflavin and thiamine. The activity of total phenols and sugar content was reached at peak after six days of challenge inoculation with the pathogen and subsequently activity of these parameters slightly declined after six days of inoculation in all tested non-conventional chemicals. At each concentration, SA showed maximum induction of total phenol and total sugar followed by IAA, IBA, ASA, thiamine and riboflavin. However, sesame variety HT 2 showed higher induction of biochemical activities and lower disease incidence of charcoal rot as compared to HT 1.
The charcoal rot fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, was isolated from chickpea, pigeonpea, groundnut and jute root tissues collected from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Variability in isolates was recognized i.e. feathery growth for pigeonpea and jute isolates, and restricted growth for chickpea and soybean isolates. The sensitivity of M. phaseolina from the four hosts was tested for azoxystrobin, a respiration inhibitor (QoI group) fungicide. The minimum inhibitory concentration was lower (10 ppm) for isolates with restricted growth and higher (between 100 and 150 ppm) for isolates with feathery growth. Concentrations of this fungicide pose significant impact (P < 0.01) on time requirement for growth of isolate. We found strong effectiveness of azoxystrobin to inhibit the growth of slow-growing population of M. phaseolina. Moreover, this fungicide can also exploit for the fast-growing population of M. phaseolina but more time will be required, to act on such isolates, for better result of azoxystrobin. Our results indicate that the response of different isolates varied to concentrations of azoxystrobin; this could be interpreted that the fungicidal application may be performed only after the quantitative estimation of the prevailing population type in the field as because various populations of M. phaseolina may be available in an area. Therefore, our results advocate for judicious use of fungicide (azoxystrobin) application, which ultimate restrict the hazardous impact on soil health.
A large number of farmers thresh paddy crop by hand or by a walk on it under feet of animals. Now a day's number of progressive farmers are using pedal-operated or hold on type threshers, which does not have a cleaning facility. In the present study, the performance of the tractor-operated winnower was evaluated at three different winnower fan rpm, which were 786, 918 and 1049rpmall the parts of were connected with the help of tachometer circuit diagram. From the results, found that optimum cleaning efficiency of 96 percent at winnower rpm of 918. Hence, tractor operated winnower can be operated at 918 rpm for high cleaning efficiency and winnower hopper can be adjusted at a distance of 60 cm from winnower fan axis to provide an optimum air velocity to the grain.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.