Polyurethane dispersions are gaining in importance due to their environmentally friendly coating system, versatile coating properties and ease of application. An enormous amount of research is focused on waterborne coatings such as waterborne alkyds, water-reducible alkyds, alkyd-acrylic hybrids, oil modified polyurethane dispersions and their composite latexes. This review gives a comprehensive compilation of recent studies on the synthesis and applications of waterborne coatings. The article specifically covers all of the research work carried out in the field of waterborne alkyd-acrylics, polyurethane dispersions and their hybrid latexes systematically.
A water-reducible alkyd resin was synthesized using the renewable resource canola oil and then chemically modified with styrene and the novel monomer acrylamido tertiary butane sulfonic acid (ATBS). Infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used for structural elucidation of newly synthesized resins. Analyses of their physico-chemical and thermal properties revealed that styrene and ATBS-grafted waterreducible polymers have better thermal, chemical and coating properties than canola oil alkyd resins.
Alkyd and styrenated alkyd resins based on fish oil and their interesterifications with linseed oil were synthesized. The various properties of fish oil, such as its iodine value, acid value, saponification value and moisture content were determined. The interesterification product of fish oil and linseed oil can be used to partially replace the commercially available linseed oil alkyd resin. Alkyd resin and styrenated alkyd resin were modified with 2,2 dimethylolpropionic acid to introduce acid functionality and then sequentially reacted with isophorone diisocyanate, neutralized with amine, chain extended with ethylenediamine and dispersed in water to form a polyurethane dispersion. The newly synthesized resins and polyurethane dispersions were studied for coating properties such as scratch hardness, adhesion, flexibility, impact, solvent and chemical resistance. The polyurethane dispersions exhibited superior coating properties to those of their respective alkyds and styrenated alkyds.
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