Background:
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a global threat concerning to a risk of high mortality with the potential to cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs) which if not managed properly may affect patient compliance, resulting in below par treatment outcome.
Aim:
The aim of the study was to study, assess, and report the ADRs of patients diagnosed with MDR-TB.
Subjects and Methods:
An ambispective, observational study was conducted among confirmed cases of MDR-TB patients without any comorbidities during the period of January 2015–December 2018 in patients of age 15 years and above.
Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed descriptively using MS-Excel sheet 2013 and Chi-square test in GraphPad Prism 8.2.1. Results were expressed as either frequency, percentage, or mean ± standard deviation. ADRs were evaluated for causality, severity, and preventability attributes.
Results:
In the sample size of 400 patients, 236 (ADRs) were reported among 136 patients. The proportion of ADRs was higher in males (
P
= 0.0001) and in the age group of 36–75 years (
P
= 0.0211). Most commonly encountered ADRs include nausea and vomiting (35.31%) and arthralgia (14.04%), followed by peripheral neuropathy (8.93%) and giddiness (8.93%). Overall, 53% were of possible category and 60% of moderate level severity and 85% were unpreventable ADRs.
Conclusion:
Our study included 13 types of ADRs, of which most commonly reported were nausea and vomiting, arthralgia, and peripheral neuropathy and least common were psychosis, nephrotoxicity, and gynecomastia with a higher incidence in males. Majority of ADRs were moderate, unpreventable ADRs and had a possible relationship with the suspected drugs.
Purpose; this is an empirical research, concerned with the relationship between Personality types and Form of the Furniture, with the productivity consideration. The outcome does not emphasize the interactional processes among employees; it will establish a link between Psychology, Architecture and Productivity.Methodology; the primary data for the survey was collected from a self-administered questionnaire from 202 employees through the online survey and hard copy. The survey study was conducted to the employees of the Architect’s office in Iran and India.Result; the study revealed that Personality types in Architects’ offices has a significant influence on the employees’ preferences regarding Form of the Furniture, but it had not impacted on their Productivity. Besides, Form selections in these offices had a significant influence on the employees’ Productivity.
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