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Introduction:The present study is designed to assess the apical seal obtained after root end cavity irrigation with MTAD and retrograde filling with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine.Materials and Methods:Sixty extracted maxillary central incisors were instrumented and obturated. Apical 3 mm of all the roots were resected and retrograde preparations of 3 mm were made in all the teeth using ultrasonic tips. Thirty root end preparations were irrigated with MTAD for 5 min (Group 1), while 30 were irrigated with saline for 5 min (Group 2). Each main group was subdivided into two subgroups containing 15 samples each. Samples under each subgroup were then filled either with MTA (1A and 2A) or Biodentine (1B and 2B). The amount of microleakage was assessed using a UV spectrophotometer.Results:Statistical analysis suggest a significant difference (P < 0.005) between group 1A and 2A and between the groups 1B and 2B (P < 0.1). There was a significant difference (P < 0.005) between group 1A and 1B and also between group 2A and 2B.Conclusion:Irrigation with MTAD significantly improved the apical seal of Biodentine, but it increased the microleakage in MTA-filled root end cavities. Also the apical seal obtained with Biodentine was superior to that obtained with MTA.

Introduction:Palatoradicular groove is a developmental anomaly which is predominantly found in maxillary lateral incisors. It provides a susceptible alcove for the progression of localised periodontal inflammation which can further cause pulpal involvement. This case report describes the successful treatment of a large periodontic – endodontic lesion usingnon surgical endodontic therapy and biodentine for the sealing of the palatoradicular groove.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro the effect of application of bromelain enzyme on the microleakage of composite resin restorations after external tooth bleaching using spectrophotometric evaluation. Subjects and Methods: Buccal Class V cavities were prepared on the surface of fifty intact premolars, which were randomly divided into five groups. All cavities were filled with composite resin. Group I: Teeth were not bleached but restored ( n = 10). External bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide was carried out for the rest of the specimens Group II: Cavities were restored immediately after bleaching ( n = 10) Group III: Cavities were restored after a delay of 3 weeks ( n = 10) Group IV: Cavities were treated with sodium ascorbate after bleaching and then restored ( n = 10) Group V: Cavities were treated with bromelain enzyme solution after bleaching and then restored ( n = 10). Microleakage was assessed by the dye extraction method using a spectrophotometer. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed statistically by comparison of mean microleakage and post hoc test using SPSS 2.0 software. Results: Group I displayed the least amount of microleakage, whereas Group II showed the greatest amount of microleakage ( P < 0.05). Groups III, IV, and V showed a significantly lower amount of microleakage compared to Group II ( P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Groups IV and V. Conclusions: Microleakage increased significantly after external bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide, and decreased when the bleached teeth were treated with antioxidants. Ten percent bromelain enzyme was effective in decreasing microleakage; however, its efficacy was similar to 10% sodium ascorbate.

Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental anomaly that results from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development and simulates the appearance of a tooth within another tooth. It shows a wide spectrum of variations in morphology and usually affects the maxillary lateral incisors. This study presents an unusual case of an Oehlers’ Type I DI involving the bilateral mandibular first and second premolars, which presented as an incidental radiographic finding in the first premolars and was associated with a periapical lesion in the second premolars which was successfully treated using nonsurgical endodontics.

The reconstruction of structurally compromised posterior teeth is a rather challenging procedure. The tendency of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) to fracture is considerably higher than vital teeth. Although posts and core build-ups followed by conventional crowns have been generally employed for the purpose of reconstruction, this procedure entails sacrificing a considerable amount of residual sound enamel and dentin. This has drawn the attention of researchers to fibre reinforcement. Fibre-reinforced composite (FRC), designed to replace dentin, enables the biomimetic restoration of teeth. Besides improving the strength of the restoration, the incorporation of glass fibres into composite resins leads to favorable fracture patterns because the fibre layer acts as a stress breaker and stops crack propagation. The following case report presents a technique for reinforcing a badly broken-down ETT with biomimetic materials and FRC. The proper utilization of FRC in structurally compromised teeth can be considered to be an economical and practical measure that may obviate the use of extensive prosthetic treatment.

Background:Most often used intracanal medicament is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Removal of Ca(OH)2 before obturation is mandatory. Different irrigation solutions and devices were tested in the previous study for this purpose.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of different irrigation techniques in removing intracanal medicament using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods:Cleaning and shaping was carried out in 42 freshly extracted single-rooted mandibular first premolars using Protaper Rotary Files. Intracanal medicament (silicone oil-based Ca(OH)2 paste) was placed and left for 2 weeks in the root canal. Medicament was then removed by five different irrigation techniques: EndoActivator, EndoVac, ultrasonic irrigation with Endo-U-File, F-file, and Max-i-Probe needle. Changes in volume percentage were measured using CBCT and results were statistically analyzed using Levene's statistics and ANOVA.Results:Remnants of Ca(OH)2 were found in all experimental groups. No significant difference was detected among the groups. F-file showed maximum removal efficacy of approximately 48%.Conclusion:(1) There is no statistically significant difference between any irrigation technique for removal of oil-based Ca(OH)2. (2) F-file demonstrated better results among all the other systems.

This case report describes a novel technique of restoring endodontically treated teeth. Hidden caries causing irreversible pulpitis in a mandibular molar with Radix Entomolaris (RE) was evident. The intact occlusal surface anatomy was duplicated before preparing an access cavity to replicate the original occlusal surface in the post endodontic restoration using (Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing) CAD/CAM technique. This report highlights uniquely designed onlay utilizing the benefits of contemporary materials and advanced technology.