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We have investigated the structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of Pb-based langasite compound Pb 3 TeMn 3 P 2 O 14 both experimentally and theoretically in the light of metal-oxygen covalency, and the consequent generation of multiferroicity. It is known that large covalency between Pb 6p and O 2p plays instrumental role behind stereochemical lone pair activity of Pb. The same happens here but a subtle structural phase transition above room temperature changes the degree of such lone pair activity and the system becomes ferroelectric below 310 K. Interestingly, this structural change also modulates the charge densities on different constituent atoms and consequently the overall magnetic response of the system while maintaining global paramagnetism behavior of the compound intact. This single origin of modulation in polarity and paramagnetism inherently connects both the functionalities and the system exhibits mutiferroicity at room temperature.

Recently, the detection and quantification of humidity has attracted great interest, but for fluorescence sensing of humidity, it is still a challenge to achieve high-performance. Here, we report an ultrasensitive...

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