Introduction: Oral mucosa can be affected by a variety of soft tissue lesions and conditions. Benign as well as malignant lesions of oral cavity are common. Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the commonest malignancies. The present retrospective study was undertaken to study the prevalence of various oral mucosal lesions in a tertiary care dental hospital of Kathmandu. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at Kantipur Dental College and Teaching hospital from January 2015 to January 2017. The study included biopsy specimen from the oral cavity. The parameters included in the study were age, gender, site of the lesion and histopathological diagnosis. The data collected was statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 111 biopsy cases were included in the present study. Out of which, there was 16 (14.4%) cases of non neoplastic and 16 (14.4%) cases of benign pathology. The oral cavity lesions were commonly seen in age range between 6-74 years where males 59 (53.2%) were mostly affected. The most common site for oral lesion was buccal mucosa 23 (20.7%) and anterior gingiva 23 (20.7%). 15 (13.5%) cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were seen as the predominant malignancy affecting in the vestibular region 8 (7.2%). Conclusions: The present study shows benign as well as the non neoplastic lesions were more prevalent in oral mucosa with the buccal mucosa and anterior gingiva as the commonest site of occurrence. Keywords: Benign; Malignant; Non neoplastic; Oral mucosal lesion.

Background: The maxillary labial frenum is frequently inserted in the mucogingival junction. However, it may show variation in attachment. Despite the fact that an aberrant labial frenum has been associated to a range of syndromic and non-syndromic disorders, it is frequently overlooked during routine intraoral examinations. Objectives: To find the prevalence of types of maxillary labial frenum attachment in patients visiting tertiary hospital in Nepal. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study comprised of 140 patients visiting the dental outpatient department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from December 23, 2021 to March 13, 2022. Investigators assessed the patient’s frenum insertion in the dental chair with the lip softly pulled away from the alveolar process in a nearly horizontal direction under good lighting. Data were entered and analysed statistically using SPSS.v21 where mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were calculated depending upon the nature of data. Fisher’s exact test was done to determine the association of age category and sex with the types of frenulum attachment. Results: Most of the individuals (83, 59.3%) had the mucosal type of frenum followed by gingival (46, 32.9%), papillary (9, 6.4%), and least with papillary penetrating (2, 1.4%). Age and sex did not show any association with types of frenulum attachment. Conclusion: The insertion level of the labial frenum may vary, implying the significance of careful assessment during an intraoral examination. It also suggests that in presence of the abnormal attachment, an effective treatment approach planned timely could prevent gingival and interdental papilla pathological alterations.

Background: Personal identification is one of the key areas in the forensic sciences. A combination of different simple and easily available methods such as lip prints and fingerprints can be used for human identification. Our objective was to analyze the types of lip print and fingerprint patterns in dental students and to identify if they were associated with gender. Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in 150 students (male: female 1:1), aged between 17 to 34 years, from Kantipur Dental College. The lip print and fingerprint patterns were recorded and interpreted based on the Tsuchihashi and Michael Kucken classification respectively. Results: The most common lip print pattern was intersected type (44, 29.3%), while the least common was undetermined type (7, 4.7%). The intersected lip pattern (23, 30.7%) was most prevalent in males and the vertical pattern (28, 37.3%) was most prevalent in females (p < 0.05). The loop-type (82, 54.7%) fingerprint pattern was the most common while the arch-type (19, 12.7%) was the least common.  The most common fingerprint pattern in both sexes was loop pattern (38, 50.7%). Conclusions: The type of lip print pattern holds potential promise as a supplementary tool for gender identification. However, fingerprint pattern was not associated with gender.

Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor is a rare odontogenic neoplasm that was initially considered to be a solid variant of Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst with locally aggressive behavior. Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor comprises less than 0.5% of all odontogenic tumors and characterized histologically by an ameloblastomatous epithelium with an area of ghost cell formation and a varying amount of dentinoid. Herein we report a case of intraosseous Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor in a 32 years old male patient with a clinical presentation of bony hard swelling in the left mandibular region. The diagnosis was made on the basis of histopathological findings and histochemical analysis.

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is a rare benign odontogenic tumor which accounts for approximately 1% of the entire odontogenic tumor. It was firstly described by Pindborg, and thus, is also referred to as the “Pindborg tumor”. Histologically, Pindborg tumor consists of three distinct histological compo­nents: sheets of polyhedral epithelial cells, amyloid like deposits, and calcifications. This case report describes a case of Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor in 26 years old female patient presented with the swelling in right posterior region of mandible. Taking into account of the aggressive nature of the lesion segmental resection of the mandible followed by reconstruction was planned for treatment. This case report highlights the importance of appropriate clinical, radiographical and histological correlation for the correct diagnosis and treatment of Pindborg tumor.