Recommender systems are currently successful solutions for facilitating access for online users to the information that fits their preferences and needs in overloaded search spaces. In the last years several methodologies have been developed to improve their performance. This paper is focused on developing a review on the use of fuzzy tools in recommender systems, for detecting the more common research topics and also the research gaps, in order to suggest future research lines for boosting the current developments in fuzzy-based recommender systems. Specifically, it is developed an analysis of the papers focused at such aim, indexed in Thomson Reuters Web of Science database, in terms of they key features, evaluation strategies, datasets employed, and application areas.

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The World Health Organization identifies the overall increasing of noncommunicable diseases as a major issue, such as premature heart diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Unhealthy diets have been identified as the important causing factor of such diseases. In this context, personalized nutrition emerges as a new research field for providing tailored food intake advices to individuals according to their physical, physiological data, and further personal information. Specifically, in the last few years, several types of research have proposed computational models for personalized food recommendation using nutritional knowledge and user data. This paper presents a general framework for daily meal plan recommendations, incorporating as main feature the simultaneous management of nutritional-aware and preference-aware information, in contrast to the previous works which lack this global viewpoint. The proposal incorporates a pre-filtering stage that uses AHPSort as multi-criteria decision analysis tool for filtering out foods which are not appropriate to the current user characteristics. Furthermore, it incorporates an optimization-based stage for generating a daily meal plan whose goal is the recommendation of food highly preferred by the user, not consumed recently, and satisfying his/her daily nutritional requirements. A case study is developed for testing the performance of the recommender system.INDEX TERMS Daily meal plan recommendation, user preferences, nutritional information, multi-criteria decision making, recommender systems.