The relocation of the Indonesian capital from Jakarta to Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) East Kalimantan IKN will affect several sectors. The change in land use from vegetated to developed land will lead to local climate changes, including the emergence of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon, which is reflected in a higher land surface temperature (LST) than the surrounding area. In this study, an analysis of UHI propagation was conducted on a seasonal (DJF, MAM, JJA, and SON), with 5 yearly periods from 2001 to 2020, study area in IKN and its buffer cities (Balikpapan, Samarinda, and Bontang). Terra-MODIS satellite data are processed using Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and output is done using GrADS. UHI (high LST) is found in urban areas/buffer cities both spatially and temporally in every season, while UHI has not yet occurred in IKN (low LST) and suburban, rural, hilly areas, vegetated areas, and water bodies (lakes, rivers). The cross-sectional latitudinal and longitudinal analysis showed that the LST DJF2015-2020 from highest to lowest temperature are in Balikpapan City (36.84 OC), Samarinda City (36.13 OC), Bontang City (32.3 OC); and IKN zero point (28.82 OC). The UHI propagation was observed in 2001-2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015, and most during 2016-2020. Seasonally, the UHI was most pronounced in the SON season, while on lowest UHI was observed in the MAM season.
The need for electrical energy which continues to be widely needed by society and industry today is a major factor in their daily needs and activities. Wind energy is one of the renewable energy that is environmentally friendly. At present the utilization of wind energy continues to be developed, one of which is a wind energy conversion system that converts wind kinetic energy into mechanical energy and then converts it into electrical energy through a generator. The amount of electricity generated by the generator depends on the rotating speed of the blades and the speed of the wind that hits the blades on the wind turbine. In this research is how the performance of horizontal shaft wind turbines with variations in the number of blades with the aim of obtaining optimal results of torque, power and efficiency. The tests carried out in this study were simulated on the Q Blade v 0.96 software with variations in the number of blades 2 to 6 and the average wind speed data in the West Java region. That the results of the tests carried out produce a graph that compares the number of blades to the power, torque, and efficiency produced by a wind turbine
Indonesia is a tropical maritime country that has high complexity in terms of atmospheric dynamics. Understanding of atmospheric conditions is very important to obtain valid knowledge and atmospheric models. This understanding can be obtained through adequate data support. Vertical atmospheric data is very limited so it is necessary to develop equipment to be able to measure and provide valid data. one of the equipment used to measure the atmosphere vertically is called radiosonde. The development of this radiosonde has been carried out by various parties, one of them by PSTA LAPAN. This development is focused on the antenna system and the accuracy of the temperature data received. The antenna that is designed is an Omni 5/8λ antenna integrated with LNA. Receiving radiosonde data using antenna up to a height of 36 km. The temperature data that has been obtained is validated using radiosonde Vaisala and Meisei data. The temperature analysis is done by using Mean Bias Error (MBE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). After being compared with the reference data, the RMSE values of 1.2 and MBE 2.3 were obtained with a correlation of 0.9. From these results it can be seen that the temperature data obtained is in accordance with atmospheric conditions, so this temperature sensor can be used for vertical atmospheric measurements.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.