Despite mounting interest in growth mindset interventions, this approach has yet to be applied to the domain of entrepreneurship. In the present research, we developed and tested if a growth mindset intervention could be leveraged to promote students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy and if this, in turn, predicted career development (i.e., academic interest, career interest, task persistence, and academic performance). We report on our findings, from an Open Science Framework (OSF) preregistered study, that is a randomized controlled trial implementing a growth mindset intervention. We randomly assigned undergraduate students ( N = 238) in an introduction to entrepreneurship class to either the growth mindset intervention or to a knowledge-based attention-matched control. Students in the growth mindset intervention, relative to the control, reported greater entrepreneurial self-efficacy and task persistence on their main class project. The intervention also indirectly improved academic and career interest via entrepreneurial self-efficacy. However, the intervention failed to directly or indirectly impact performance on a classroom assignment. Additionally, and somewhat surprisingly, gender and past experience in the field failed to moderate any effects of the intervention on outcomes. Theoretical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Information on the losses associated with lower milk production and reproductive performance, as well as information from a survey of uk dairy herds using beef semen was used to estimate the economic importance of calving difficulties in uk dairy herds. The survey covered information on cow and calf mortality, cow culling and the need for veterinary assistance, the incidences of which were related to the degree of calving difficulty experienced. The total cost of a slightly difficult calving was estimated to be approximately 110 pounds, and of a seriously difficult calving between 350 pounds and 400 pounds, depending on assumptions of the veterinary costs. However, the major costs were associated with the labour required at the delivery, the increase in the number of days open, and the costs associated with the deaths of cows and calves, and cow culling.
Introduction: The goal of the current work is to contribute to the critical dialog regarding consequences of different communications about the nature of addiction by offering a new theoretical approach. Specifically, we merge a mindset perspective, which highlights the importance of beliefs regarding the malleability of human attributes, with the attribution literature to explore how messages stressing the changeable vs. fixed nature of addiction influence beliefs and treatment intentions. Method: We crafted a message about addiction designed to induce the belief in the potential to change without influencing self-blame (compensatory-growth mindset message) and compared it to a message focused on the fixed underpinnings of addiction (disease-fixed mindset message). Results: In an online sample of probable substance users (N = 214), we found that the compensatory-growth, relative to the disease-fixed message, led to participants reporting stronger growth mindsets and efficacy without an impact on blame. Additionally, the compensatory-growth, relative to the disease-fixed message, led to stronger intentions to pursue counseling and cognitive behavioral treatment therapies. Discussion: The current work finds support for an innovative theoretical approach for understanding motivation to seek treatment among individuals with probable substance use problems.
The early withdrawal of students from healthcare education programmes, particularly nursing, is an international concern and, despite considerable investment, retention rates have remained stagnant. Here, a regional study of healthcare student retention is used as an example to frame the challenge of student attrition using a concept from policy development, wicked problem theory. This approach allows the consideration of student attrition as a complex problem derived from the interactions of many interrelated factors, avoiding the pitfalls of small‐scale interventions and over‐simplistic assumptions of cause and effect. A conceptual framework is proposed to provide an approach to developing actions to reduce recurrent investment in interventions that have previously proved ineffective at large scale. We discuss how improvements could be achieved through integrated stakeholder involvement and acceptance of the wicked nature of attrition as a complex and ongoing problem.
and PDS sutures for closure. Reaction to suture material, however extreme, would be expected to occur in the immediate vicinity of the sutures, rather than cause the widespread changes seen in this case. The second laparotomy did not reveal any evidence of leakage or sepsis that could have caused such a diffuse reaction. The dense ®brotic reaction, containing foreign-body-type giant cell granulomata, was¯orid and universal affecting the whole serosal surface of the small bowel.Concerned that these remarkable ®ndings might represent an idiosyncratic response to Sepra®lm and Sepracoat, the operating surgeon ®led an adverse incident report with the Medical Devices Agency. Four similar cases of foreign-body-type granulomatous reaction following the use of a hyaluronate barrier had been reported to agencies in the USA and the UK. Three involved placement of the barrier following adhesiolysis, and the fourth occurred after repair of a paraduodenal hernia. All patients required subsequent surgery within 6±13 days for small-bowel obstruction, two undergoing extensive small-bowel resection. These ®ve cases in total since marketing approval would represent an occurrence of less than 0.1% for Sepra®lm and 0.01% for Sepracoat. REFERENCES 1 Becker JM, Dayton MT, Fazio VW, et al. Prevention of post operative abdominal adhesions by a sodium hyaluronate based bioresorbable membrane: a prospective randomised double blind multicentre study. J Am Coll Surg 1966;183:297±306 2 Burns JW, Colt MJ, Burgees LS, Skinner KC. Pre-clinical evaluation of Sepra®lm bioresorbable membrane. Eur J Surg 1997;577(Suppl.):40±8 3 Diamond MP. Reduction of post surgical adhesions by intraoperative pre coating with Sepracoat 2 (HAL-C) solution: a prospective randomised, blinded, placebo controlled multicentre study.
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