Abstract:The coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos off nuclei has eluded detection for four decades, even though its predicted cross-section is the largest by far of all low-energy neutrino couplings. This mode of interaction provides new opportunities to study neutrino properties, and leads to a miniaturization of detector size, with potential technological applications. We observe this process at a 6.7-sigma confidence level, using a low-background, 14.6-kg CsI [Na] scintillator exposed to the neutrino emissions from the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Characteristic signatures in energy and time, predicted by the Standard Model for this process, are observed in high signal-to-background conditions. Improved constraints on non-standard neutrino interactions with quarks are derived from this initial dataset.The characteristic most often associated with neutrinos is a very small probability of interaction with other forms of matter, allowing them to traverse astronomical objects while undergoing no energy loss. As a result, large targets (tons to tens of kilotons) are used for their detection. The discovery of a weak neutral current in neutrino interactions (1) implied that neutrinos were capable of coupling to quarks through the exchange of neutral Z bosons. Soon thereafter it was suggested that this mechanism should also lead to coherent interactions between neutrinos and all nucleons present in an atomic nucleus (2). This possibility would exist only as long as the momentum exchanged remained significantly smaller than the inverse of the nuclear size ( Fig. 1A), effectively restricting the process to neutrino energies below a few tens of MeV.The enhancement to the probability of interaction (scattering cross-section) would however be very large when compared to interactions with isolated nucleons, approximately scaling with the square of the number of neutrons in the nucleus (2, 3). For heavy nuclei and sufficiently intense neutrino sources, this can lead to a dramatic reduction in detector mass, down to a few kilograms.Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEnNS) has evaded experimental demonstration for forty-three years following its first theoretical description. This is somewhat surprising, in view of the magnitude of its expected cross-section relative to other tried-andtested neutrino couplings (Fig. 1B), and of the availability of suitable neutrino sources: solar, atmospheric and terrestrial, supernova bursts, nuclear reactors, spallation facilities, and certain radioisotopes (3). This delay stems from the difficulty in detecting the low-energy (few keV) nuclear recoil produced as the single outcome of the interaction. Compared to a minimum ionizing particle of the same energy, a recoiling nucleus has a diminished ability to generate measurable scintillation or ionization in common radiation detector materials. This is exacerbated by a trade-off between the enhancement to the CEnNS cross-section brought about by a large nuclear mass, and the smaller maxi...

The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab reports results from an analysis of νe appearance data from 12.84 × 10 20 protons on target in neutrino mode, an increase of approximately a factor of two over previously reported results. A νe charged-current quasielastic event excess of 381.2 ± 85.2 events (4.5σ) is observed in the energy range 200 < E QE ν < 1250 MeV. Combining these data with theνe appearance data from 11.27 × 10 20 protons on target in antineutrino mode, a total νe plus νe charged-current quasielastic event excess of 460.5 ± 99.0 events (4.7σ) is observed. If interpreted in a two-neutrino oscillation model, νµ → νe, the best oscillation fit to the excess has a probability of 21.1%, while the background-only fit has a χ 2 probability of 6 × 10 −7 relative to the best fit. The MiniBooNE data are consistent in energy and magnitude with the excess of events reported by the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND), and the significance of the combined LSND and MiniBooNE excesses is 6.0σ. A two-neutrino oscillation interpretation of the data would require at least four neutrino types and indicate physics beyond the three neutrino paradigm. Although the data are fit with a two-neutrino oscillation model, other models may provide better fits to the data.Evidence for short-baseline neutrino anomalies at an L/E ν ∼ 1 m/MeV, where E ν is the neutrino energy and L is the distance that the neutrino traveled before detection, comes from both neutrino appearance and disappearance experiments. The appearance anomalies include the excess of ν e andν e charge-current quasielastic (CCQE) events observed by the LSND [1] and MiniBooNE [2,3] experiments, while the disappearance anomalies, although not completely consistent, include the deficit of ν e andν e events observed by reactor [4] and radioactive-source experiments [5]. As the masses and mixings within the 3-generation neutrino matrix have been attached to solar and long-baseline neutrino experiments, more exotic models are typically used to explain these anomalies, including, for example, 3+N neutrino oscillation models involving three active neutrinos and N additional sterile neutrinos [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], resonant neutrino oscillations [15], Lorentz violation [16], sterile neutrino decay [17], sterile neutrino nonstandard interactions [18], and sterile neutrino extra dimensions [19]. This Letter presents improved MiniBooNE ν e andν e appearance results, assuming two-neutrino oscillations with probability arXiv:1805.12028v2 [hep-ex]

We present the first measurement of nuclear recoils from solar 8 B neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with the XENONnT dark matter experiment. The central detector of XENONnT is a low-background, two-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9 t sensitive liquid xenon target. A blind analysis with an exposure of 3.51 t×y resulted in 37 observed events above 0.5 keV, with (26.4 +1.4 −1.3 ) events expected from backgrounds. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a statistical significance of 2.73 σ. The measured 8 B solar neutrino flux of (4.7 +3.6 −2.3 ) × 10 6 cm −2 s −1 is consistent with results from dedicated solar neutrino experiments. The measured neutrino flux-weighted CEνNS cross-section on Xe of (1.1 +0.8 −0.5 ) × 10 −39 cm 2 is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. This is the first direct measurement of nuclear recoils from solar neutrinos with a dark matter detector.

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A search for sub-GeV dark matter produced from collisions of the Fermilab 8 GeV Booster protons with a steel beam dump was performed by the MiniBooNE-DM Collaboration using data from 1.86 × 10 20 protons on target in a dedicated run. The MiniBooNE detector, consisting of 818 tons of mineral oil and located 490 meters downstream of the beam dump, is sensitive to a variety of dark matter initiated scattering reactions. Three dark matter interactions are considered for this analysis: elastic scattering off nucleons, inelastic neutral pion production, and elastic scattering off electrons. Multiple data sets were used to constrain flux and systematic errors, and time-of-flight information was employed to increase sensitivity to higher dark matter masses. No excess from the background predictions was observed, and 90% confidence level limits were set on the vector portal and leptophobic dark matter models. New parameter space is excluded in the vector portal dark matter model with a dark matter mass between 5 and 50 MeV c −2 . The reduced neutrino flux allowed to test if the MiniBooNE neutrino excess scales with the production of neutrinos. No excess of neutrino oscillation events were measured ruling out models that scale solely by number of protons on target independent of beam configuration at 4.6σ. arXiv:1807.06137v2 [hep-ex]