Our results provide the basis for a detailed prospective evaluation of autoimmunity and inflammation in the context of PIDs, with a view to accurately assessing these risks and describing the possible effect of medical intervention.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by compound heterozygosity or homozygosity of CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) mutations. Phenotypic variability associated with certain mutations makes genetic counselling difficult, notably for R117H, whose disease phenotype varies from asymptomatic to classical CF. The high frequency of R117H observed in CF newborn screening has also introduced diagnostic dilemmas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease penetrance for R117H in order to improve clinical practice. Methods: The phenotypes in all individuals identified in France as compound heterozygous for R117H and F508del, the most frequent CF mutation, were described. F508del] was estimated at 0.03% and that of severe CF in adulthood at 0.06%. Conclusions: These results suggest that R117H should be withdrawn from CF mutation panels used for screening programmes. The real impact of so-called disease mutations should be assessed before including them in newborn or preconceptional carrier screening programmes.Cystic fibrosis (CF, MIM 219700) is one of the most frequent life shortening autosomal recessive diseases, characterised in its classical form by chronic pulmonary obstruction and infections, pancreatic insufficiency, male infertility and elevated sweat chloride concentrations.

No abstract

Patients with CBAVD carrying p.Arg117His and a severe CF mutation should benefit from a clinical evaluation and follow-up. Depending on the CBAVD patients' genotype, a CFTR analysis should be considered in their partners in order to identify CF carrier couples and offer PND or PGD.

Inflammatory dendritic cells-not basophils-are necessary and sufficient for induction of Th2 immunity to inhaled house dust mite allergen.