The development of food packaging films from nanocellulose has received attention from researchers. In this study, the chemo-mechanical method has been used to obtain nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse. The shape and size of the nanocellulose were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) using ImageJ software, and the result was found to be in good agreement with that of dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis.Various characterizations such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer for the analysis of crystallinity, chemical structure, thermal stability, and optical properties were performed for fibers and nanocelluloses. Moreover, antibacterial evaluation was also carried out using the disc diffusion method with Bacillus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The removal of noncellulosic elements from fibers after treatment and grinding was revealed by FTIR analysis. Furthermore, nanocellulose exhibited not only higher thermal stability and crystallinity but also acceptable antibacterial properties. Based on the results of this study, polymeric films and composites of the presented nanocellulose might be utilized in food packaging, plastic packaging, and container fabrication.

A novel approach including only one stage of ecofriendly treatment, by sodium bicarbonate, followed by mechanical grinding was used to isolate the nanofibers from waste sugarcane bagasse subjected to its characterization for the packaging applications. The result of dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis was found in line with the result of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm the nanosize of developed nanofibers. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed the highest crystallinity of nanofibers than those of untreated and treated fibers. The removal of hemicelluloses and lignin from treated fibers and nanofibers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Moreover, a good thermal stability of nanofibers was also confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The optical properties (ie, absorbance and transmittance) in wavelength range 200 to 700 nm were also measured using UV-visible spectroscope. An excellent optical and antibacterial property against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus bacteria along with better strength and stiffness was offered by the isolated nanofibers, which makes them the most suitable reinforcement to be used in polymeric composites for the packaging applications.

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