Articles you may be interested inInterfacial electron dynamics and hot-electron-driven surface photochemistry of carbon tetrachloride on Ag (111) Novel cyanoterphenyl self-assembly monolayers on Au (111) studied by ellipsometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vibrational spectroscopies J. Chem. Phys. 122, 224707 (2005); 10.1063/1.1893618 1-octadecene monolayers on Si(111) hydrogen-terminated surfaces: Effect of substrate doping

Recent studies have established the involvement of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) in metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which FTO regulates metabolism remains unknown. Here, we used a structure-based virtual screening of U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs to identify entacapone as a potential FTO inhibitor. Using structural and biochemical studies, we showed that entacapone directly bound to FTO and inhibited FTO activity in vitro. Furthermore, entacapone administration reduced body weight and lowered fasting blood glucose concentrations in diet-induced obese mice. We identified the transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) mRNA as a direct substrate of FTO, and demonstrated that entacapone elicited its effects on gluconeogenesis in the liver and thermogenesis in adipose tissues in mice by acting on an FTO-FOXO1 regulatory axis.

The bonding of alkyl monolayers to Si(111) surfaces has been studied with high-resolution core level photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Two very different wet-chemical methods have been used to prepare the alkyl monolayers: (i) Olefin insertion into the H–Si bond of the H–Si(111) surface, and (ii) replacement of Cl on the Cl–Si(111) surface by an alkyl group from an alkyllithium reagent. In both cases, PES has revealed a C 1s component shifted to lower binding energy and a Si 2p component shifted to higher binding energy. Both components are attributed to the presence of a C–Si bond at the interface. Along with photoelectron diffraction data [Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1056, (1997)], these data are used to show that these two synthetic methods can be used to functionalize the Si(111) surface.

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Highlights d MLKL expression is induced in the Schwann cells of sciatic nerves following injury d MLKL is phosphorylated at serine 441 site in the Schwann cells of injured nerves d The serine 441 phospho-mimic MLKL breaks down myelin sheath in non-injured nerves d MLKL-mediated myelin breakdown promotes functional axon regeneration