A new infrared Thomson scattering system has been designed for the MAST tokamak. The system will measure at 120 spatial points with approximately 10 mm resolution across the plasma. Eight 30 Hz 1.6 J Nd:YAG lasers will be combined to produce a sampling rate of 240 Hz. The lasers will follow separate parallel beam paths to the MAST vessel. Scattered light will be collected at approximately f/6 over scattering angles ranging from 80 degrees to 120 degrees. The laser energy and lens size, relative to an existing 1.2 J f/12 system, greatly increases the number of scattered photons collected per unit length of laser beam. This is the third generation of this polychromator to be built and a number of modifications have been made to facilitate mass production and to improve performance. Detected scattered signals will be digitized at a rate of 1 GS/s by 8 bit analog to digital converters (ADCs.) Data may be read out from the ADCs between laser pulses to allow for real-time analysis.
Articles you may be interested inData processing and analysis of the imaging Thomson scattering diagnostic system on HT-7 tokamak Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 053502 (2013); 10.1063/1.4804161 High-resolution Thomson scattering system on the COMPASS tokamak: Evaluation of plasma parameters and error analysisa) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10E350 (2012); 10.1063/1.4743956 Conceptual design of new polychromator on Thomson scattering system to measure Zeff a) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10E334 (2012); 10.1063/1.4733737Design and implementation of a full profile sub-cm ruby laser based Thomson scattering system for MAST Rev.The maximum temperature expected in ITER is in the region of 40 keV and the minimum average density of approximately 3 ϫ 10 19 m −3 is also expected. The proven capability, convenience, and port occupancy of the LIDAR Thomson scattering approach, demonstrated on JET, makes it an excellent candidate for ITER. Nonetheless, there are formidable design challenges in realizing such a diagnostic system. The expected high temperature presents its own problem of a very large relativistic blueshift of the scattered spectrum ͑e.g., / 0 ϳ 0.35 for T e = 40 keV͒, impacting on the laser choice and spectrometer/detector system. The combination of coupling high power lasers to the plasma and broadband wavelength detection has been examined in terms of minimizing the operational risk to the overall system, while optimizing the diagnostic performance. Part of the exercise has also included identifying the present critical components, and reducing their impact, e.g., on diagnostic reliability and performance, and attempt to make the design compatible with possible long term developments and operational requirement. Issues such as redundancy of key operational components, e.g., lasers are explored.
This paper includes discussions of spatial resolution and accuracy of the edge Thomson scattering system in ITER (ITER ETS). In the present design, the dominant factor for spatial resolution degradation relative to the scattering length is aberrations of the collection optics. A scattering length of approximately 4 mm is acceptable to obtain a spatial resolution of 5 mm. Statistical errors were evaluated according to measurement accuracy. Since the background light during ITER plasma discharge is much stronger than the Thomson scattering, the laser pulse duration is one of the most crucial specifications to obtain accurate measurements. The impact of fast sampling relative to current integration was also investigated. It is expected that the measurement accuracy improves when the waveform of the scattered light is sampled directly particularly for low density measurement.
The Core Plasma Thomson Scattering (CPTS) diagnostic on ITER performs measurements of the electron temperature and density profiles which are critical to the understanding of the ITER plasma. The diagnostic must satisfy the ITER project requirements, which translate to requirements on performance as well as reliability, safety and engineering. The implications are particularly challenging for beam dump lifetime, the need for continuous active alignment of the diagnostic during operation, allowable neutron flux in the interspace and the protection of the first mirror from plasma deposition. The CPTS design has been evolving over a number of years. One recent improvement is that the collection optics have been modified to include freeform surfaces. These freeform surfaces introduce extra complexity to the manufacturing but provide greater flexibility in the design. The greater flexibility introduced allows for example to lower neutron throughput or use fewer surfaces while improving optical performance. Performance assessment has shown that scattering from a 1064 nm laser will be sufficient to meet the measurement requirements, at least for the system at the start of operations. Optical transmission at λ < 600 nm is expected to degrade over the ITER lifetime due to fibre darkening and deposition on the first mirror. For this reason, it is proposed that the diagnostic should additionally include measurements of TS 'depolarised light' and a 1319 nm laser system. These additional techniques have different spectral 1Corresponding author.
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