Incorporating passive radiative cooling structures into personal thermal management technologies could effectively defend human against the intensifying global climate change. We show that large scale woven metafabrics can provide high emissivity (94.5%) in the atmospheric window and reflectivity (92.4%) in the solar spectrum because the hierarchical-morphology design of the randomly dispersed scatterers throughout the metafabric. Through scalable industrial textile manufacturing routes, our metafabrics exhibit excellent mechanical strength, waterproofness, and breathability for commercial clothing while maintaining efficient radiative cooling ability. Practical application tests demonstrated the human body covered by our metafabric could be cooled down ~4.8°C lower than that covered by commercial cotton fabric. The cost-effectiveness and high-performance of our metafabrics present great advantages for intelligent garments, smart textiles, and passive radiative cooling applications.
Pulsed dye laser‐resistant port‐wine stains present a therapeutic challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy for treating these lesions. A total of 67 patients with pulsed dye laser‐resistant cervicofacial port‐wine stains were retrospectively assessed after undergoing photodynamic therapy mediated with a combination of hemoporfin and 532‐nm light. For objective evaluation of photodynamic therapy efficacy, first, the colorimetric changes in the port‐wine stain lesions were evaluated according to the L*a*b* color coordinate system, then the values of color changes (ΔE) and blanching rate were calculated. For subjective evaluation of improvement, photographs taken before and after photodynamic therapy were evaluated by three independent assessors blindly. Patient satisfaction was also used as a factor in the subjective evaluation. Adverse events were recorded after treatment. The median ΔE decreased significantly from the pretreatment value of 13.42 to 9.90 at the 2‐month follow up (P < 0.001). The median blanching rate of port‐wine stains was 28.04% after an average of 1.21 sessions of photodynamic therapy. Based on the overall visual assessment, 46.2% patients showed excellent or good levels of improvement (>50% color blanching). Adverse events were minimal, transient and self‐limiting. In conclusion, photodynamic therapy serves as an alternative means to treat pulsed dye laser‐resistant port‐wine stains.
Background and Objectives Many types of lasers have been used to treat café‐au‐lait macules (CALMs) since the introduction of the selective photothermolysis theory. However, the efficacy and safety of picosecond lasers, compared with those of nanosecond lasers, have not been researched. To compare the efficacy and safety of 755 nm picosecond laser (PS‐755 nm), Q‐switched (QS) Alexandrite 755 nm nanosecond laser (QS‐755 nm), and QS Nd:YAG 532 nm nanosecond laser (QS‐532 nm) for treating CALMs. Study Design/Materials and Methods Forty‐one patients received several treatments at 3‐month intervals. Lesions were divided into two or three approximately equal parts, which were randomly treated with PS‐755 nm, QS‐755 nm, and QS‐532 nm. The safety and efficacy of three lasers were determined based on blinded visual assessments and self‐reports of patients three months after the comparative trial. Results Visual assessment 3 months after the comparative trial revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the sites treated by QS‐755 nm (2.84 ± 1.11), QS‐532 nm (2.63 ± 1.06), and PS‐755 nm (2.74 ± 1.05) lasers. Five (26.32%) of 19 patients showed lesion recurrence. Adverse effects included acneiform miliaris, hypopigmentation, and hyperpigmentation, which were resolved within 12 months. Five (26.32%) of 19 patients who showed lesion recurrence 1–5 months after laser treatment had lightened or cleared at least 50% of the lesion. 46.67% of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the outcome of the overall treatment. Conclusions PS‐755 nm, QS‐755 nm, and QS‐532 nm laser treatments were equally effective in treating and improving CALMs. PS‐755 nm caused fewer adverse effects. Individuals can react differently to different types of lasers. Patch tests should be conducted before the treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
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