Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only curative therapy of HCC with underlying cirrhosis, but due to HCC metastasis and recurrence, its benefit is limited to a small population who meet the strict selection criteria. We previously reported that Licartin ([ 131 I]mAb HAb18G/CD147) was safe and effective in treating HCC patients, and its antigen, HAb18G/ CD147, was closely related to HCC invasion and metastasis. Here, we reported a randomized controlled trial to assess the post-OLT antirecurrence efficacy of Licartin in advanced HCC patients. We randomized 60 post-OLT patients with HCC, who were at tumor stage 3/4 and outside the Milan criteria before OLT, into 2 groups. Three weeks after OLT, the treatment group received 15.4 MBq/kg of Licartin, while the control group received placebo intravenously for 3 times with an interval of 28 days. At 1-year follow-up, the recurrence rate significantly decreased by 30.4% (P ؍ 0.0174) and the survival rate increased by 20.6% (P ؍ 0.0289) in the treatment group, compared with those in the control group. For the control group versus the treatment group, the hazard ratio for recurrence H epatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer and ranks sixth among cancers as a cause of death worldwide. 1 It is a highly malignant tumor characterized by rapid progression, poor prognosis, and frequent tumor recurrence. It has an annual incidence rate of 564,000 cases, and 55% of those are in China. 2 The mean natural survival time was reported to be only 3-6 months due to the rapid progression of tumor, especially the spread and metastasis. 3,4 Surgery is the preferred treatment, but less than 20% of patients have the chance to be treated surgically Abbreviations: AFP, alpha fetoprotein; CI, confidence interval; DBIL, direct bilirubin; mAb, monoclonal antibody; OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation; TNM, tumor-nodes-metastasis. From the