The performances of nanothermites largely rely on a meticulous design of nanoarchitectures and the close assembly of components. Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) NiO/Al nanothermite film has been successfully fabricated by integrating colloidal crystal template (CCT) method and controllable magnetron sputtering. The as-prepared NiO/Al film shows uniform structure and homogeneous dispersity, with greatly improved interfacial contact between fuel and oxidizer at the nanoscale. The total heat output of 3DOM NiO/Al nanothermite has reached 2461.27 J·g −1 at optimal deposition time of 20 min, which is significantly more than the values of other NiO/Al structural systems that have been reported before. Intrinsic reduced ignition temperature (onset temperature) and less gas production render the wide applications of 3DOM NiO/Al nanothermite. Moreover, 2 this design strategy can also be readily generalized to realize diverse 3DOM structured nanothermites.

Mn2O3 has been selected to realize nanothermite membrane for the first time in the literature. Mn2O3/Al nanothermite has been synthesized by magnetron sputtering a layer of Al film onto three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Mn2O3 skeleton. The energy release is significantly enhanced owing to the unusual 3DOM structure, which ensures Al and Mn2O3 to integrate compactly in nanoscale and greatly increase effective contact area. The morphology and DSC curve of the nanothermite membrane have been investigated at various aluminizing times. At the optimized aluminizing time of 30 min, energy release reaches a maximum of 2.09 kJ∙g−1, where the Al layer thickness plays a decisive role in the total energy release. This method possesses advantages of high compatibility with MEMS and can be applied to other nanothermite systems easily, which will make great contribution to little-known nanothermite research.

A micro-energetic igniter integrated with a 3DOM Al/Co3O4 nanothermite film is able to generate larger spark and realize gap ignition.

Three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) Al/NiFe2O4 nanothermite has been obtained by colloidal crystal templating method combined with magnetron sputtering processing. Owing to the superior material properties and unique 3DOM structural characteristics of composite metal oxides, the heat output of the Al/NiFe2O4 nanothermite is up to 2921.7 J g− 1, which is more than the values of Al/NiO and Al/Fe2O3 nanothermites in literature. More importantly, by comparison to the other two nanothermites, the onset temperature of 298.2 °C from Al/NiFe2O4 is remarkably low, which means it can be ignited more easily. Laser ignition experiment indicate that the synthesized Al/NiFe2O4 nanothermite can be easily ignited by laser. In addition, the preparation process is highly compatible with the MEMS technology. These exciting achievements have great potential to expand the scope of nanothermite applications

摘要：采用胶晶模板法制备出具有三维多孔结构的纳米 CoFe2O4。利用 X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红 外(FT-IR)光谱仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和 N2吸附-脱附对样品的晶型和形貌结构等进行表征， 采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对比研究多孔纳米 CoFe2O4和球形纳米 CoFe2O4对高氯酸铵(AP)的热分解性能的 影响，并考察这两种催化剂对 AP 催化热分解的动力学参数。结果显示，制备出的多孔纳米 CoFe2O4样品具 有典型的尖晶石结构，孔径约 200 nm；比表面积明显高于 40 nm 球形 CoFe2O4，达到 55.646 m 2 •g -1 。DSC 测试结果表明：多孔纳米 CoFe2O4的加入促进了 AP 的热分解，最高使 AP 的高温分解峰温降低 91.46°C，能