Dubin-Johnson syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by recurrent episodes of jaundice and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. It exacerbates during pregnancy and needs to be differentiated from other causes of jaundice. A 30-year-old patient presented to us with jaundice in her fourth pregnancy. She had intermittent episodes of jaundice earlier, with exacerbation in each pregnancy during the second trimester. The diagnosis of Dubin-Johnson syndrome was made on detailed evaluation along with histopathological confirmation on liver biopsy tissue. The patient was managed conservatively and had a good perinatal outcome.
Lethal congenital malformations (LCMs) are fatal birth defects that are an important cause of fetal/neonatal death. There is a lack of informative data about these malformations in India, a country that shares the maximum burden of neonatal mortality due to congenital birth defects. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis to know the prevalence of LCMs in late pregnancy, to find out associated factor/variables and to evaluate fetal/neonatal outcome of such anomalies; at a tertiary-care referral centre in North India. All deliveries with LCMs after 24 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Data about antepartum history (maternal age, parity, education, socioeconomic status, consanguineous marriage, folic acid intake, any chronic medical disorder, availability of anomaly scan, unplanned pregnancy); intrapartum events (gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery); postpartum events (weight of the baby, gender of the baby); newborn evaluation; and details of hospital stay were recorded from medical record sheet over the duration of one year. We found that anencephaly, severe meningomyelocele, multicystic dysplastic kidneys and non-immune hydrops with major cardiac defects were more prevalent among all LCMs. On the evaluation of the various studied variables, maximum babies with LCMs were born to mothers who were between 20 and 35 years of age, those who were illiterate, belonged to middle/lower socioeconomic class, multigravida, and those who had no detailed anomaly scan. We feel that there is an urgent need to formulate a universally accepted definition of LCMs, to identify preventable risk factors and to formulate management strategy for both mother and liveborn baby with LCMs, in order to minimize the hidden burden of these defects in stillbirth/ perinatal/ neonatal mortality statistics.
Premature ovarian insufficiency is waning of ovarian function before the age of 40 years. This hypoestrogenic state is characterised by menstrual irregularities and loss of fertility in the patient. This review narrates evaluation, consequences, and management of this complex entity. Truncation in ovarian physiology at such an early age renders the patient prone for various short- and long-term health consequences which negatively affect physical and psychological well-being of the patients. Therefore, this review emphasises that timely initiation of hormonal therapy is mandatory to mitigate the distressing menopausal and/or other hypoestrogenic symptoms to improve the quality of life of such patients. Although much has been said about premature ovarian insufficiency, many aspects of this condition still need to be explored in order to identify this population subgroup before happening of the catastrophic event and to formulate strategies and interventions to delay the premature cessation of ovarian functions.
Premature ovarian insufficiency is waning of ovarian function before the age of 40 years. This hypoestrogenic state is characterised by menstrual irregularities and loss of fertility in the patient. This review narrates evaluation, consequences, and management of this complex entity. Truncation in ovarian physiology at such an early age renders the patient prone for various short- and long-term health consequences which negatively affect physical and psychological well-being of the patients. Therefore, this review emphasises that timely initiation of hormonal therapy is mandatory to mitigate the distressing menopausal and/or other hypoestrogenic symptoms to improve the quality of life of such patients. Although much has been said about premature ovarian insufficiency, many aspects of this condition still need to be explored in order to identify this population subgroup before happening of the catastrophic event and to formulate strategies and interventions to delay the premature cessation of ovarian functions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.