We report on the synthesis and characterization of polyethylene-styrene-divinylbenzene-based interpolymer cation exchange membrane (ICEM) and its applicability as a separator in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). ICEM preparation involved radical...
Zinc-based energy storage is increasingly getting attention owing to its outstanding characteristics over to the other systems. Their high abundance, user-friendliness, environmental benignity, and low reduction potential which can avoid unwanted hydrogen evolution are some of the attractive features. Appropriate membrane selection for the zinc-based redox flow battery is challenging. Herein we report the composite of SPEEK (sulfonated polyether ether ketones) with covalent organic frameworks (COF) as a potential membrane for zinc-based redox flow battery. Biphenyl-based knitting type COF was prepared, post sulfonated, and blended with SPEEK. In a Zn/I2 redox flow battery system, the discharge capacity was found to be 19.8 AhL-1, 17.4 AhL-1, 15.1 AhL-1 for 20%, 15%, 10% SCOF loading, respectively, against 14.5 AhL-1 for pristine SPEEK at 20 mAcm-2 current density. The capacity was improved by about 36% higher than the neat SPEEK membrane. This improvement in the battery performance might be due to the higher ionic conductivity and hydrophilicity after SCOF loading. We found that the 15% loading was the maximum limit for the battery performance, beyond which the energy efficiency was found to be fading, which is due to the excessive dendrite growth on the membrane surface.
We
describe the synthesis of N-sulfonated poly(arylene-oxindole)
by metal-free superacid, denoted IDB, IBP, and IFP by polycondensation
of isatin with 1,4-diphenoxybenzene, biphenyl, and fluorene, monomer,
respectively. All three polymers provide flexible transparent films
with high decomposition temperatures (400 to 500 °C) as well
as good mechanical and oxidative stability. The physiochemical and
electrochemical characteristics of the IDB membrane were better, in
comparison to IBP and IFP. The presence of an ether linkage in IDB
facilitates the formation of a highly negative charge amide ion, resulting
in a high degree of N-sulfonation. To evaluate performance in VRFB,
relevant physical properties and stability in a highly oxidative environment
(2.1 M H2SO4 and 1.6 M VO2
+) were evaluated. In a single cell VRFB test, the peak power density
for IDB, IBP, and IFP was 275 mW cm–2, 240 mW cm–2, and 225 mW cm–2 respectively,
at 300 mA cm–2 current density. The IDB membrane
showed 97% Coulombic, 68% energy, and 66% voltage efficiencies at
100 mA cm–2 over 200 charge/discharge cycles. In
comparison to Nafion 117 in identical experimental settings, the OCV
studies validated the low rate of self-discharge, showing the IDB
membrane is better suited for VRFB applications.
Here, we report the
synthesis of nickel nanoparticles thermally
encapsulated in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and its utility
in alkaline water splitting by combining with composite thermoset
anion-exchange membrane. Ni@MWCNT displayed both oxygen evolution
reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It provided
10 mA cm
–2
current density at an overpotential of
300 mV for OER and 254 mV for HER on a glassy carbon electrode, respectively.
Base-catalyzed N-methly-4-piperidone-formaldehyde-based prepolymer
was grafted on to poly(vinyl alcohol) and cross-linked via thermal
annealing followed by quaternization using methyl iodide to obtain
thermoset anion exchange membrane (NMPi). Composite NMPi membranes
were synthesized using additives tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and
zirconium oxychloride. The water splitting performance on the fabricated
membrane electrode assembly was tested and compared with commercially
available Neosepta membrane. The obtained faradic efficacy of the
water splitting was 94.33% for ZrO
2
-NMPi membrane followed
by 80.23%, 77.70%, and 65.10% for SiO
2
-NMPi, NMPi, and
Neosepta membranes, respectively. The best membrane ZrO
2
-NMPi achieved maximum current density of ∼0.776 A cm
–2
in 5 M KOH electrolyte at 80 °C and 2 V applied
constant voltage. The excellent alkaline stability of MEA indicates
its potential utility in hydrogen generation applications.
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