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The study of brittle deformation of the collisional mountains can explain its shallow crustal tectonic evolution and the palaeostress regime. The Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) zone in the western Arunachal Himalaya displays imbrication in the Permian Gondwana sequence between the MBT‐1 (/Bome Thrust/MBT‐Upper) in the north and MBT‐2 (/MBT‐Lower) in the south with consistent northerly dip. The Lower Gondwana rocks occur in the footwall of the MBT‐1 with the Proterozoic Bomdila Group in the hangingwall. The upper Gondwana rocks constitute the hangingwall sequence for the MBT‐2 with Neogene Siwalik rocks in the footwall. This article analyses palaeostress using brittle fractures in the Gondwana rocks that crop out for ~120 km2 in the study area. The fault‐bounded imbricate zone depicts eight brittle shear indicators and four sets of joints (J1 and J2: inclined and J3 and J4: subvertical). The signatures of the inherited pre‐Himalayan extensional deformation are preserved in the Lower Gondwana Miri Formation. The Bichom and Bhareli rocks exhibit brittle deformation features of the Himalayan Orogeny under strong ~N‐S compression. The palaeostress analysis of all joint sets indicates three phases of brittle deformation in the Gondwana and Siwalik rocks of the area. The subvertical joint sets and normal faults in the Miri Formation indicate a north‐northwest (NNW)‐directed extensional phase of the pre‐Himalayan origin. The inclined joint sets of the Bichom and Bhareli formations of the Gondwana sequence depict Himalayan orogeny with ~N‐S compressional phases. The third phase of brittle deformation in the Siwalik sequence depicts an east‐west (~E‐W) extension. The arc‐parallel extension in the frontal fold belt of the Arunachal Himalaya may be due to oblique India‐Asia collisional tectonics.

Structural mapping and fieldwork in the Lesser and Higher Himalayan sequences in the western Arunachal Himalaya reveal crucial deformation fabrics in the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and Dirang Thrust (DT) zones. The top‐to‐SW ductile shear in the MCT and DT zones is correlated with the swing in the trend of MCT and DT from NE to NNW. The curved MCT and DT as traced by previous authors on the regional map of Arunachal Himalaya are studied. It is found that at places where these faults swing, shear senses developed at the meso‐scale. These shear senses are studied in meso‐ and micro‐scales. Seismicity in the western Arunachal Himalaya is influenced by basement cross‐strike crustal‐scale NW‐trending buried Bomdila Fault (BF). Landslides occur frequently along the Bhalukpong‐Bomdila–Sela traverse are also linked with the transverse BF. In its southern part, the BF coincides with the Dhansiri Lineament and is the basin margin fault in the upper Assam shelf. The Gondwana sediments extended further south below the Brahmaputra alluvium along the fault is to be explored for hydrocarbon exploration.

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