A series of six different ionic liquids (ILs) of the kind 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide/hydroxide (IL-Br and IL-OH) tailored with different N-alkyl side chains (ethyl, butyl, octyl) were synthesized and evaluated for their vermicidal activity against Indian earthworm, Pheretima posthuma. The percentage of paralysis and mortality of earthworms against ILs were recorded in dose dependent (at different concentrations 2, 4, 8 and 16 mM) and time dependent manner. ILs with hydroxide as counter anion (IL-OH) showed higher vermicidal activity compared to their bromide counter parts (IL-Br). Moreover, ILs with the longest alkyl chain (octyl) are observed with significant vermicidal activity compared to the rest (ethyl and butyl) as well as the standard drug, Albendazole. Furthermore, theoretical modeling was carried out to visualize the preferential docking positions of these ILs into the active site of β-Tubulin.Fascinatingly, it was found that ILs with longest alkyl side chain showed remarkable vermicidal activity compared to the rest and the molecular docking studies not only validated the 2 experimental results but also showed per residue interaction analysis between ILs and different components of β-Tubulin.

The reaction of 1-butylimidazole (1a) with aryl/alkoxy halides (2a–h) using a microwave solvent-free approach delivered imidazolium-based ILs (3a–h) in good yield. Some of them showed promising antibacterial and antifungal activities.

The inevitable emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) due to the burning of a substantial amount of fossil fuels has led to serious energy and environmental challenges. Metal-based catalytic CO 2 transformations into commodity chemicals are a favorable approach in the CO 2 mitigation strategy. Among these transformations, selective hydrogenation of CO 2 to methanol is the most promising process that not only fulfils the energy demands but also re-balances the carbon cycle. The investigation of CO 2 adsorption on the surface of heterogeneous catalyst is highly important because the formation of various intermediates which determines the selectivity of product. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have received considerable attention in recent years because of their noble metal-like reactivity, ceramic-like properties, high chemical and thermal stability. These features make them excellent catalytic materials for a variety of transformations such as CO 2 adsorption and its conversion into value-added chemicals. Herein, the catalytic properties of TMCs are summarize along with synthetic methods, CO 2 binding modes, mechanistic studies, effects of dopant on CO 2 adsorption, and carbon/metal ratio in the CO 2 hydrogenation reaction to methanol using computational as well as experimental studies. Additionally, this Review provides an outline of the challenges and opportunities for the development of potential TMCs in CO 2 hydrogenation reactions.

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