Due to the increased demand for global transportation needs, a long-range diesel engine is considered an important prime mover to fulfill the transportation demand. The major problem addressed by the diesel engines is it liberates harmful emissions and it also increases global warming. CO2 is considered an important greenhouse gas and it has to be controlled by diesel engines. In this research, extensive experimental work is done to identify a suitable solution to control CO2 emissions. For five different mole concentrations (0.1 to 0.5), three types of amino solutions (L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, and L-arginine) were prepared. By passing diesel exhaust through each solution, CO2 absorption is investigated. For CO2 absorption, an appropriate CO2 control system is built and tested. The tests were carried out in a diesel engine which is a naturally aspirated single-cylinder engine with a water-cooled system. It was possible to obtain an effective CO2 reduction of up to 90%, as well as a simultaneous reduction in HC and CO.
Composite materials with carbon nanotube and graphene attachments have been regarded as promising prospects. Carbon nanocomposites have gained considerable interest in different fields including biomedical applications due to its exceptional structural dimensions and outstanding mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical characteristics. The significant advances made in carbon nanocomposite over past years along with the discovery of new nanocomposite processing technologies to improvise the functional impact of nanotube and graphene composites by providing proper methods of synthesis and improving the production of diverse composite based on carbon nanomaterials are discussed. Carbon nanocomposites are applied in various fields such as aviation, batteries, chemical industry, fuel cell, optics, power generation, space, solar hydrogen, sensors, and thermoelectric devices. The recent design, fabrication, characteristics, and applications of carbon nanocomposites such as active carbon, carbon black, graphene, nanodiamonds, and carbon nanotubes are explained in detail in this research. It is found that unlike traditional fiber composites, Van der Waals force interfacial compounds have an important effect on the mechanical performance of carbon nanomaterial-based composites.
Oil palm shells (OPS) are mechanical waste that is utilized as coarse aggregates in lightweight concrete. These OPS have shape and strength like conventional aggregates yet the substantial made with these OPS invigorates a limit of 18 MPa. The characteristic strength which must be utilized in structures is seen to be around 25 MPa to 30 MPa. Considering the strength as one of the boundaries for design to be sturdy, the OPS are surface-covered with nanosilane compound. This nanosilane covering goes about as infill on the outside of the aggregates and holds the concrete paste as traditional cement. Operations are permeable in nature; their inner construction has permeable design which makes the aggregates frail. Nanosilane coatings go about as holding between the concrete stage and aggregate stage and hold the substantial solid. In the present examination, mechanical and underlying conduct of nanocovered oil palm shell lightweight concrete is contrasted with that of regular cement. Nanocovered oil palm shell lightweight substantial shows comparative strength as customary cement and decrease in nonsustainable wellspring of energy in oil palm shell lightweight concrete. Supplanting of customary cement with oil palm shell concrete addresses the modern waste which can be utilized for making concrete solid and solid. Morphology and material portrayal of oil palm shell and ordinary aggregates are investigated.
Carbon nanotubes are established as a superior form of carbon. These have superior characteristics in terms of mechanical and chemical properties when compared to the other fibres available. High-strength fibres can be employed in a composite in a short form and mass-produced to fulfil high demands in composite applications. These composites can meet the strength requirements of nonstructural and structural components in a wide range of industries. Because of their light weight and excellent strength-to-weight ratio, these composites can be used in a wide range of applications. With Young’s modulus as high as 1 TPa and tensile strength up to 63 GPa, they are among the stiffest and strongest fibres. There is currently a lot of interest in using carbon nanotubes in a matrix to take advantage of these features. There have been a variety of polymer matrices used, and nanotube/ceramic and nanotube/metal composites are gaining popularity. The study of these materials is an ongoing process, as researchers and design engineers have yet to realize their full potential. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used in this study to create the composite with the resin. The percentage of CNT used as a filler material in the composite is varied from 1 to 4 percent, with the best percentage chosen for optimal mechanical properties.
Electricity is a crucial part of our everyday lives. A limited number of resources can be utilized to generate power; hence, one must save these resources or electricity for future utilization. This is only possible by using energy most efficiently. For sustainable development and energy conservation, energy auditing plays an indispensable role. The energy audit is an extensive study that helps to identify energy use among different services and provides opportunities for energy conservation. The literature showed various energy audits conducted at various locations with its analysis. Few were shown that the appliances are responsible for high energy consumption, and few talked about the cost analysis with energy-saving methodologies. This work is proposed to combine the integration of renewable energy sources in a building and the cost-saving due to energy-efficient appliances. This paper tries to observe, infer, and analyze the patterns of energy usage of a residential complex and various measures to reduce energy consumption and cost-saving. A case study is included to analyze the reduction in consumption of energy per unit to make the building energy efficient. A feasibility study is executed to observe the increments in costs. Calculations for auditing will reduce the building’s carbon footprint and benefit residents in the form of cost savings in the long run.
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