Background and aims To examine the association of dietary behaviors, lifestyle, and biochemical factors with metabolic phenotypes of obesity among obese Iranian children and adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted within the framework of the fifth phase of CASPIAN study. Of 3840 students aged 7–18 years of 30 Iranian provinces, 408 subjects were diagnosed as obese; they were divided into metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) groups. Biochemical factors, anthropometric measures, dietary, and lifestyle habits were compared between groups. Results Of the 408 obese subjects, 68 (16.7%) were the MUO; the remaining 340 (84.3%) fall in the MHO group. The MUO group had significantly higher systolic and diastolic BPs, FBS, TG, ALT, anthropometric measures, and lower HDL levels than MHO groups (all p-value < 0.05). The frequency of high birth weight (> 4000 gr) was significantly higher in the MUO group than the MHO group (p-value: 0.04). A higher percentage of individuals with breastfeeding duration ≥ 6 month was found in the MUO group (95.5% (95% CI 86.1–98.6%)) compared to MHO group (85.7% (95% CI 80.4–89.7%)) (p-value = 0.04). Among dietary and lifestyle-related behaviors, only the frequency of salty snack consumption and eating food according to the parents’ request was significantly higher in the MUO group than the MHO group (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion Dietary habits and lifestyle factors may determine the obesity phenotypes in children and adolescents.
Objective:To identify clinical, ECG and blood-based biomarkers associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) detection after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) that could help inform patient selection for cardiac monitoring.Methods:We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis and searched electronic databases for cohort studies from 15/01/2000-15/01/2020. The outcome was AF ≥30 seconds within one year after ischaemic stroke/TIA. We used random effects models to create summary estimates of risk. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020168307.Results:We identified 8503 studies, selected 34 studies and assessed 69 variables (42 clinical, 20 ECG and seven blood-based biomarkers). The studies included 11569 participants and AF was detected in 1478 people (12.8%). Overall, risk of bias was moderate. Variables associated with increased likelihood of AF detection are older age (OR 3.26, 95%CI 2.35-4.54), female sex (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.23-1.77), a history of heart failure (OR 2.56, 95%CI 1.87-3.49), hypertension (OR 1.42, 95%CI 1.15-1.75) or ischaemic heart disease (OR 1.80, 95%CI 1.34-2.42), higher modified Rankin Scale (OR 6.13, 95%CI 2.93-12.84) or National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR 2.50, 95%CI 1.64-3.81), no significant carotid/intracranial artery stenosis (OR 3.23, 95%CI 1.14-9.11), no tobacco use (OR 1.93, 95%CI 1.48-2.51), statin therapy (OR 2.07, 95%CI 1.14-3.73), stroke as index diagnosis (OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.17-2.18), systolic blood pressure (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.16-2.22), intravenous thrombolysis treatment (OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.83-3.16), atrioventricular block (OR 2.12, 95%CI 1.08-4.17), left ventricular hypertrophy (OR 2.21, 95%CI 1.03-4.74), premature atrial contraction (OR 3.90, 95%CI 1.74-8.74), maximum P-wave duration (OR 3.19, 95%CI 1.40-7.25), PR interval (OR 2.32, 95%CI 1.11-4.83), P-wave dispersion (OR 7.79, 95%CI 4.16-14.61), P-wave index (OR 3.44, 95%CI 1.87-6.32), QTc interval (OR 3.68, 95%CI 1.63-8.28), brain natriuretic peptide (OR 13.73, 95%CI 3.31-57.07) and HDL-cholesterol (OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.17-1.88) concentrations. Variables associated with reduced likelihood are minimum P-wave duration (OR 0.53, 95%CI 0.29-0.98), LDL-cholesterol (OR 0.73, 95%CI 0.57-0.93) and triglyceride (OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.41-0.64) concentrations.Discussion:We have identified multi-modal biomarkers that could help guide patient selection for cardiac monitoring after ischaemic stroke/TIA. Their prognostic utility should be prospectively assessed with AF detection and recurrent stroke as outcomes.
In the past few years, the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) applications in medicine and molecular biology have broadened. CRISPR has also been integrated with microfluidic-based biosensors to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of medical diagnosis due to its great potentials. The CRISPR-powered microfluidics can help quantify DNAs and RNAs for different diseases such as cancer, and viral or bacterial diseases among others. Here in this review, we discussed the main applications of such tools along with their advantages and limitations.
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