Immunogenicity following inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination among solid organ transplant recipients has not been assessed. Seventy‐five patients (37 kidney transplant [KT] recipients and 38 healthy controls) received two doses, at 4‐week intervals, of an inactivated whole‐virus SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific humoral (HMI) and cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) were measured before, 4 weeks post‐first dose, and 2 weeks post‐second dose. The median (IQR) age of KT recipients was 50 (42–54) years and 89% were receiving calcineurin inhibitors/mycophenolate/corticosteroid regimens. The median (IQR) time since transplant was 4.5 (2–9.5) years. Among 35 KT patients, the median (IQR) of anti‐RBD IgG level measured by CLIA after vaccination was not different from baseline, but was significantly lower than in controls (2.4 [1.1–3.7] vs. 1742.0 [747.7–3783.0] AU/ml, p < .01) as well as percentages of neutralizing antibody inhibition measured by surrogate viral neutralization test (0 [0–0] vs. 71.2 [56.8–92.2]%, p < .01). However, the median (IQR) of SARS‐CoV‐2 mixed peptides‐specific T cell responses measured by ELISpot was significantly increased compared with baseline (30 [4–120] vs. 12 [0–56] T cells/10 6 PBMCs, p = .02) and not different from the controls. Our findings revealed weak HMI but comparable CMI responses in fully vaccinated KT recipients receiving inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination compared to immunocompetent individuals (Thai Clinical Trials Registry, TCTR20210226002).
Vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus produces suboptimal immune responses among kidney transplant (KT), peritoneal dialyzed (PD), and hemodialyzed (HD) patients. Participants were vaccinated with two-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (V2) and a third dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (V3) at 1–2 months after V2. We enrolled 106 participants: 31 KT, 28 PD, and 31 HD patients and 16 controls. Among KT, PD, and HD groups, median (IQR) of anti-receptor binding domain antibody levels were 1.0 (0.4–26.8), 1092.5 (606.9–1927.2), and 1740.9 (1106–3762.3) BAU/mL, and percent neutralization was 0.9 (0–9.9), 98.8 (95.9–99.5), and 99.4 (98.8–99.7), respectively, at two weeks after V3. Both parameters were significantly increased from V2 across all groups (p < 0.05). Seroconversion and neutralization positivity rates in PD, HD, and control groups were 100% but were impaired in KT patients (39% and 16%, respectively). S1-specific T-cell counts were increased in PD and HD groups (p < 0.05) but not in KT patients. The positive S1-specific T-cell responder rate was > 90% in PD, HD, and control groups, which was higher than that in KT recipients (74%, p < 0.05). The heterologous inactivated virus/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination strategy elicited greater immunogenicity among dialysis patients; however, inadequate responses remained among KT recipients (TCTR20210226002).
Immunogenicity following an additional dose of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine was investigated in an extended primary series among kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Eighty‐five KT participants were randomized to receive either an mRNA (M group; n = 43) or viral vector (V group; n = 42) vaccine. Among them, 62% were male, with a median (IQR) age of 50 (43–59) years and post‐transplantation duration of 46 (26–82) months. At 2 weeks post‐additional dose, there was no difference in the seroconversion rate between the M and V groups (70% vs. 65%, p = .63). A median (IQR) of anti‐RBD antibody level was not statistically different between the M group compared with the V group (51.8 [5.1–591] vs. 28.5 [2.9–119.3] BAU/ml, p = .18). Furthermore, the percentage of participants with positive SARS‐CoV‐2 surrogate virus neutralization test results was not statistically different between groups (20% vs. 15%, p = .40). S1‐specific T cell and RBD‐specific B cell responses were also comparable between the M and V groups (230 [41–420] vs. 268 [118–510], p = .65 and 2 [0–10] vs. 2 [0–13] spot‐forming units/10 6 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, p = .60). In conclusion, compared with an additional dose of viral vector COVID‐19 vaccine, a dose of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine did not elicit significantly different responses in KT recipients, regarding either humoral or cell‐mediated immunity. (TCTR20211102003).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.