Graphene and graphene oxide (GO), as wonder materials, have penetrated nearly every field of research. One of their most attractive features is the functionality and assembly of graphene or GO, in which they can be considered to be chemically functionalized building blocks for creating unconventional porous graphene materials (PGMs) that not only combine the merits of both porous materials and graphene, but also have major advantages over other porous carbons for specific applications. The chemistry and approaches for functionalizing graphene and GO are first introduced, and typical procedures for pore creation (e.g., in-plane pores, 2D laminar pores, and 3D interconnected pore assemblies), self-assembly, and tailoring mechanisms for PGMs to highlight the significance of precise control over the pore morphology and pore size are summarized. Because of their unique pore structures, with different morphologies and intriguing properties, PGMs serve as key components in a variety of applications such as energy storage, electrocatalysis, and molecular separation. Finally, the challenges relating to PGMs from the understanding of chemical self-assembly to specific applications are discussed, and promising solutions on how to tackle them are presented. This provides an insightful outlook for the future development of the chemistry and applications of PGMs.
Li-metal anode is widely acknowledged as the ideal anode for high-energy-density batteries, but seriously hindered by the uncontrollable dendrite growth and infinitely volume change. To this goal, seeking suitable stable scaffolds for dendrite-free Li anodes with large current density (> mA cm -2 ) and high Li loading (> 90%) are highly in demand. Herein, a conductive and lithiophilic three-dimensional (3D) MXene/graphene (MG) framework is demonstrated for dendrite-free Limetal anode. Benefiting from its high surface area (259 m 2 g -1 ) and lightweight nature with uniformly dispersed lithiophilic MXene nanosheets as Li nucleation sites, the as-formed 3D MG scaffold showcases an ultrahigh Li content (~92% of the theoretical capacity), as well as strong capabilities in suppressing the Li-dendrites formation and accommodating the volume changes.Consequently, the MG based electrode exhibits high Coulombic efficiencies (~99%) with a record lifespan up to 2700 h, and is stable for 230 cycles at an ultrahigh current density of 20 mA cm -2 .When coupled with Li4Ti5O12 or sulfur, the MG-Li/Li4Ti5O12 full-cell offers an enhanced capacity of 142 mAh g -1 after 450 cycles while the MG-Li/sulfur cell delivers improved rate performance, implying the great potential of this 3D MG framework for building long lifetime, high-energydensity batteries.
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