Cadmium sulfide (CdS)-based photocatalysts have attracted extensive attention owing to their strong visible light absorption, suitable band energy levels, and excellent electronic charge transportation properties. This review focuses on the recent progress related to the design, modification, and construction of CdS-based photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic H 2 evolution performances. First, the basic concepts and mechanisms of photocatalytic H 2 evolution are briefly introduced. Thereafter, the fundamental properties, important advancements, and bottlenecks of CdS in photocatalytic H 2 generation are presented in detail to provide an overview of the potential of this material. Subsequently, various modification strategies adopted for CdS-based photocatalysts to yield solar H 2 are discussed, among which the effective approaches aim at generating more charge carriers, promoting efficient charge separation, boosting interfacial charge transfer, accelerating charge utilization, and suppressing charge-induced self-photocorrosion. The critical factors governing the performance of the photocatalyst and the feasibility of each modification strategy toward shaping future research directions are comprehensively discussed with examples. Finally, the prospects and challenges encountered in developing nanostructured CdS and CdS-based nanocomposites in photocatalytic H 2 evolution are presented.

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The update of the Android system and the emergence of the dual-frequency GNSS chips enable smartphones to acquire dual-frequency GNSS observations. In this paper, the GPS L1/L5 and Galileo E1/E5a dual-frequency PPP (precise point positioning) algorithm based on RTKLIB and GAMP was applied to analyze the positioning performance of the Xiaomi Mi 8 dual-frequency smartphone in static and kinematic modes. The results showed that in the static mode, the RMS position errors of the dual-frequency smartphone PPP solutions in the E, N, and U directions were 21.8 cm, 4.1 cm, and 11.0 cm, respectively, after convergence to 1 m within 102 min. The PPP of dual-frequency smartphone showed similar accuracy with geodetic receiver in single-frequency mode, while geodetic receiver in dual-frequency mode has higher accuracy. In the kinematic mode, the positioning track of the smartphone dual-frequency data had severe fluctuations, the positioning tracks derived from the smartphone and the geodetic receiver showed approximately difference of 3–5 m.