We have demonstrated that an exsanguination protocol, delivered in an aggressive and predefined manner, significantly reduces the odds of mortality as well as overall blood product consumption.

In this series, the 95% CI for the frequency of epidural hematoma requiring laminectomy after epidural catheter placement for perioperative anesthesia/analgesia was 1 event per 22,189 placements to 1 event per 4330 placements. Risk was significantly lower in obstetric epidurals.