Stray cats are afflicted with various parasitic infestations and the infective stages of these parasites may spread infection to other animals including human beings. The study was conducted for a period of one year from March 2009 to February 2010 to determine the prevalence of parasitic infection in and around Jammu-humid subtropical zone of North Western India. A total of 100 stray cats were examined using standard parasitological methods. Post mortem examinations of stray cats were also conducted to determine the presence of any mature parasite in the gastrointestinal system and other viscera. All the cats examined were found to be positive for one or other type of parasitic infection. Eggs identified were those of hookworms found to be predominant (80%) followed by Taeniid eggs (40%), Toxocara eggs (32%), Strongyloides eggs (28%), Dipylidium canium eggs (20%) and Spirometra eggs (8%). EPG of the positive samples were also recorded. Mean ± SD EPG of hookworm eggs, Toxocara eggs and Strongyloides eggs were 50 ± 1.81, 102.5± 4.81 and 87.57 ± 7.52 respectively. Besides these, prevalence of Toxoplasma/Hammondia oocyst was 88%, Isospora oocyst 80% and Cryptosporidium oocyst 4% (ZN-staining). Five cat carcasses lying open on the roadside were also collected and brought to the laboratory for post-mortem examination. While opening the carcasses, three different parasites were also found and they were identified as Ancylostoma tubaeforme (80%), Taenia taeniaeformis (60%) and Dipylidium caninum (40%). The high parasitic burden evident from this study could pose a potential threat to public health.
Haemoproteus columbae is the major protozoan infection reported in pigeon and appeared in the erythrocyte of the peripheral circulation. Incidence and parasitaemia of H. columbae in pigeon was studied in different localities of Jammu, India for a period from April to September 2010 using thin blood smear examination. Of the 150 pigeons (wild: 70, domestic: 80), 92 (61.33 %) were found to be infected with H. columbae. Domestic pigeon showed higher incidence rate (74.28 %) than the wild (50 %). Mature and immature gametocyte encircled the erythrocyte nucleus to form a halter shaped appearance were characteristic feature of the parasite. Pseudolynchia canariensis, the vector for H. columbae was also recovered from beneath the feathers of pigeons. No other haemoprotozoan parasite was observed in the blood smear of examined pigeon. Counting of infected erythrocyte revealed higher affection of 1-2 erythrocytes indicative of milder infection in the birds. A long term study within bird population is essential in order to disclose seasonal variation in parasite, vector density and age of infection such as nesting area.
Objectives: The current study was designed to examine the therapeutic role of hydroalcoholic extract of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb (CRE) and Peucedanum grande C.B. Clarke (PGE) on letrozole (1 mg/ kg) induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female Wistar albino rats. Methods: PCOS rats were treated with CRE (280 mg/kg), PGE (140 mg/kg) or CRE + PGE p.o. for 3 weeks. Vaginal smears for phase of estrous cycle determination, serum levels of sex androgens, lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters and histopathology of ovarian tissues were investigated. Results: Diestrous cycle days treated with CRE (group III) or PGE (group IV) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to PCOS control animals (group II). Moreover, weight of uteri in PCOS animals treated with the plant extracts also increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to that of group II animals. Histopathological examination showed the protective effect of the CRE and PGE indicated by the disappearance of ovarian cyst. Conclusion:The study demonstrated that the CRE and PGE either alone or in combination hold a significant effect in letrozole induced PCOS rat models and could be useful in the management of reproductive and metabolic disorders related to PCOS.
Mycoplasma bovis is an important etiologic agent of bovine respiratory infection and predominantly causing chronic pneumonic lesion. The present study encompassed standardized pathological, immunohistological and molecular technique for diagnosing natural bovine pneumonic cases with Mycoplasma bovis associated lesions. During the study, examination of 87 carcasses putatively died of pneumonia where Mycoplasma bovis was ascertained in two bovine female calves by immunohistological staining and Polymerase chain reaction. The specific pathological lesions were noted as chronic bronchopneumonia with mild to moderate caseonecrotic lesion and suppurative bronchopneumonia typical of Pasteurella infection. The other bacterial organism associated with these cases was found to be of Pasteurella multocida detected on isolation. No viral etiological association was detected in immunohistological examination in respect of bovine parainfluenza type 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. The result also revealed that M bovis infection may develop into a severe necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia when associated with high numbers of intralesional organism and into mild catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia when associated with low numbers of organism.
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