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Abstract-Mobile satellite networks are now being utilized to provide complementary service coverage to their terrestrial counterparts. The migration from voice-dominated service delivery to a data-centric environment implies that the choice of one particular access network over another will need to take into account many different criteria, which previously need not have been considered. For this reason, it is important that a suitable decision making algorithm is designed to ensure that all of the different characteristics of the system are taken into account when making the segment selection for a particular service delivery. In this paper, a segment selection algorithm based on the fuzzy multiple objective decision making algorithm is presented. This algorithm is analyzed to show how the overall performance of a multi-access segment network can be improved by varying the relative importance of certain service and network characteristics.

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This article examines the life stories of women leaders in the People's Republic of China, particularly their paths to leadership, in the context of sociohistorical changes that have unfolded in China since the late 1970s. It illustrates how women developed their attitudes toward leadership roles and their unique leadership style. By unveiling the dynamic interplay between culture and institutional factors presented by social change, the authors argue that the choices these women leaders made were shaped by their continual efforts to reconcile conflicting roles arising from two axes: the "expertofficial" and the "private-public" dichotomies. The article concludes with an urgent call to policymakers to protect the rights of Chinese women by developing a workplace policy that promotes gender equality at the top of the political pyramid. Such a policy would take into consideration the inherent frictions and dilemmas experienced by Chinese women leaders.

Abstract:The Broadband Satellite Multimedia (BSM) architecture standardised by ETSI defines a Satellite Independent Service Access Point (SI-SAP) interface layer that separates the satellite independent features of the upper layers from the satellite dependant features of the lower layers, and provides a mechanism to carry IP based protocols over these satellite dependent lower layers. This enables interoperability at the IP layer between satellite systems of different physical and link layers technologies that fully comply with the SI-SAP concept. This paper reviews past and current standardisation activities including the BSM QoS architecture, security architecture, network management that have been carried out by the ETSI TC-SES/BSM working group and looking into the future to extend current SI-SAP functions that can enhance existing QoS provision and security management capabilities as well as proposing a mobility management architecture that complies with the IEEE 802.21 MIH framework to support BSM mobility and to allow integration of satellite networks with fixed and mobile network infrastructures. A service-based network management architecture is also proposed to allow management flexibility and integration of business and operation support functions, paving the way for satellite integration into the Internet of the Future.