Metal nanoparticles have demonstrated outstanding properties in photovoltaic devices through introducing localized surface plasmon effects. The performance of Perovskite solar cell (PSC) by incorporating Ag@P4VP NPs was investigated systematically. The plasmonic enhancement effects are explored based on the combination of UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The performance, especially the short circuit current density (Jsc), and open circuit voltage (Voc) of the PSC containing Ag@P4VP NPs was significantly affected. The power conversion efficiency (PCE), Jsc and Vocof the reference device shows a value of 3.80 %, 11.04 mAcm−2 and 0.85 V. Upon introducing AgNPs@P4VP, a PCE of 5.69 %, Jsc of 12.61 mAcm−2 and Voc of 0.88 V were recorded, which improved the PCE ∼ 39.4 % over that of the standard device. The improvement is attributed to an increase in photocurrent density due to enhanced light harvesting by silver nanoparticles.
Twelve samples of water from hand-dug wells in some parts of Kaduna South and its Environs were selected using a stratified random sampling. Twenty (20mils) of concentrated nitric acid were added to each two liters of the sampled water for preservation. The samples were then evaporated and counted for Gross Alpha activity using MPC-2000-DP model gas free proportional counter at Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Results show that, the range of alpha activity in water in the area was 0.001 to 0.413 Bq/L, with geometric mean of 0.124±0.040 Bq/L. The overall results show that, the alpha activity have their values below WHO recommended practical screening level of 0.5 Bq/L radioactivity for drinking water.
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