Given the growing amount of industrial data in the 4th industrial revolution, deep learning solutions have become popular for predictive maintenance (PdM) tasks, which involve monitoring assets to anticipate their requirements and optimise maintenance tasks. However, given the large variety of such tasks in the literature, choosing the most suitable architecture for each use case is difficult. This work aims to facilitate this task
Predictive maintenance (PdM) has the potential to reduce industrial costs by anticipating failures and extending the work life of components. Nowadays, factories are monitoring their assets and most collected data belong to correct working conditions. Thereby, semi-supervised data-driven models are relevant to enable PdM application by learning from assets’ data. However, their main challenges for application in industry are achieving high accuracy on anomaly detection, diagnosis of novel failures, and adaptability to changing environmental and operational conditions (EOC). This article aims to tackle these challenges, experimenting with algorithms in press machine data of a production line. Initially, state-of-the-art and classic data-driven anomaly detection model performance is compared, including 2D autoencoder, null-space, principal component analysis (PCA), one-class support vector machines (OC-SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithms. Then, diagnosis tools are developed supported on autoencoder’s latent space feature vector, including clustering and projection algorithms to cluster data of synthetic failure types semi-supervised. In addition, explainable artificial intelligence techniques have enabled to track the autoencoder’s loss with input data to detect anomalous signals. Finally, transfer learning is applied to adapt autoencoders to changing EOC data of the same process. The data-driven techniques used in this work can be adapted to address other industrial use cases, helping stakeholders gain trust and thus promote the adoption of data-driven PdM systems in smart factories.
This paper presents the implementation and explanations of a remaining life estimator model based on machine learning, applied to industrial data. Concretely, the model has been applied to a bushings testbed, where fatigue life tests are performed to find more suitable bushing characteristics. Different regressors have been compared Environmental and Operational Condition and setting variables as input data to prognosticate the remaining life on each observation during fatigue tests, where final model is a Random Forest was chosen given its accuracy and explainability potential. The model creation, optimisation and interpretation has been guided combining eXplainable Artificial Intelligence with domain knowledge.Precisely, ELI5 and LIME explainable techniques have been used to perform local and global explanations. These were used to understand the relevance of predictor variables in individual and overall remaining life estimations. The achieved results have been process knowledge gain and expert knowledge validation, assertion of huge potential of data-driven models in industrial processes and highlight the need of collaboration between expert knowledge technicians and eXplainable Artificial Intelligence techniques to understand advanced machine learning models.
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