BackgroundThe aim of the study was to present dosimetric comparison of image guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy (IGBT) with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for head and neck cancer regarding conformity of dose distribution to planning target volume (PTV) and doses to organs at risk (OARs).Patients and methodsThirty-eight consecutive patients with T1-4 mobile tongue, floor of mouth and base of tongue cancer treated with IGBT were selected. For these patients additional VMAT treatment plans were also prepared using identical computed tomography data. OARs and PTV related parameters (e.g. V98, D0.1cm3, Dmean, etc.) were compared.ResultsMean V98 of the PTV was 90.2% vs. 90.4% (p > 0.05) for IGBT and VMAT, respectively. Mean D0.1cm3 to the mandible was 77.0% vs. 85.4% (p < 0.05). Dmean to ipsilateral and contralateral parotid glands was 4.6% vs. 4.6% and 3.0% vs. 3.9% (p > 0.05). Dmean to ipsilateral and contralateral submandibular glands was 16.4% vs. 21.9% (p > 0.05) and 8.2% vs. 16.9% (p < 0.05), respectively.ConclusionsBoth techniques showed excellent target coverage. With IGBT dose to normal tissues was lower than with VMAT. The results prove the superiority of IGBT in the protection of OARs and the important role of this invasive method in the era of new external beam techniques.
We aimed to characterize clinical and prognostical factors of primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in 85 young patients (≤39 years, median age: 37 years; between 2000–2018) in comparison with 140 institutional general HNSCC patients (median age: 61.5 years). The patient’s medical records were collected from the institutional database. The prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption (65.8% and 48.1%) in the young group exceeded the regional population average but was below the institutional (86.4% and 55%) general HNSCC patient population. Primary tumor sites in the group of young patients were as follows: oral cavity (56.4%), oropharynx (17.6%), hypopharynx (11.7%), and larynx (14.1%). Cumulative five-year overall survival was 44.2% in the young group, but significantly better with early T (T1-2 vs. T3-4: 52.6% vs. 26.7%; p = 0.0058) and N0 status (N0 vs. N+: 65.2% vs. 32.3%; p = 0.0013). Young age, abstinence, earlier stage and laryngeal tumor site might predict a better prognosis. The age distribution and the high prevalence of traditional risk factors among the young patients as well as the predominance of oral cavity tumor localization suggest that the early onset of tumor development could be originated from the premature failure of the intrinsic protective mechanisms.
Összefoglaló. A szájüregi daganatok kuratív kezelésében az elsődlegesen választandó műtét mellett a sugárterápiának is jelentős szerepe van. A lokális tumormentesség biztosításához azonban dóziseszkaláció szükséges. Ennek külső besugárzással való megvalósítása a környező normálszövetek fölösleges dózisterhelésével és az ebből következő mellékhatások előfordulásának emelkedésével jár. A brachytherapia (BT) – amelynek során radioaktív sugárforrást/sugárforrásokat juttatunk a tumorba vagy annak közelébe – lehetővé teszi a helyileg magasabb dózis leadását a környező ép szövetek kímélésével. A BT a korai, T1–2N0 stádiumú szájüregi tumoroknál – kedvező prognosztikai faktorok mellett – akár kizárólagosan vagy mint posztoperatíve egyedül alkalmazott terápiás modalitás jön szóba. Kedvezőtlenebb prognózis esetén vagy előrehaladottabb stádiumban (T3–4 vagy N+) a műtétet és/vagy a percutan irradiációt kiegészítő eljárásként alkalmazható kedvező sugárfizikai tulajdonságai miatt. A kis dózisteljesítményű (low-dose-rate, LDR) BT-t már évtizedek óta alkalmazzák a terápiában, de ezt kezdi kiszorítani a nagy dózisteljesítményű (high-dose-rate, HDR), illetve a pulzáló dózisteljesítményű (pulse-dose-rate, PDR) BT. A jelen áttekintő tanulmány célja irodalmi adatok alapján a BT szerepének és indikációjának ismertetése a szájüregi daganatok kuratív kezelésében, alrégiókra lebontva. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(37): 1471–1479. Summary. Radiation therapy plays a significant role in the curative treatment of oral cavity tumors, in addition to the primary choice of surgery. However, dose escalation is required to ensure local tumor control. Its implementation with external irradiation is accompanied by an unnecessary dose exposure to the surrounding normal tissues and an increase in the incidence of consequent side effects. Brachytherapy (BT), in which a radiation source/sources is/are placed inside or close to the tumor, allows a higher dose to be delivered locally, sparing the surrounding intact tissues. In addition to favorable prognostic factors in early T1–2N0 stage oral cavity tumors, BT is considered either exclusively or as a sole postoperative therapeutic modality. At less favorable prognosis or at a more advanced stage (T3–4 or N+), BT can be used as a complementary procedure after surgery and/or percutaneous irradiation based on its favorable radio-physical properties. Low-dose-rate (LDR) BT has been used in the therapy for decades, but recently it has been replaced by high-dose-rate (HDR) and pulse-dose-rate (PDR) BT. The purpose of this review is to describe the role and indications of BT in the treatment of oral cavity tumors categorized into subregions, based on the literature data. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(37): 1471–1479.
Background: Oral or laryngeal leukoplakia has an increased risk for malignant transformation but the risk of the two anatomical sites has not been compared to each other yet. Materials and Methods: Clinical data of 253 patients with leukoplakia (oral = 221 or laryngeal = 32) enrolled from January 1996 to January 2021 were analyzed. One hundred and seventy underwent biopsy and 83 did not. The mean follow-up time was 148.8 months. Risk factors for the malignant transformation of leukoplakia were identified using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: In the oral or laryngeal group, the rate of cancer was 21.7% and 50% (p = 0.002), respectively. The 10-year estimated malignant transformation was 15.1% and 42% (p < 0.0001), respectively. The laryngeal group had an increased risk of malignant transformation (p < 0.0001). The 5-year estimated survival with leukoplakia-associated cancer for the oral or laryngeal group was 40.9% and 61.1% (p = 0.337), respectively. Independent predictors of malignant transformation in the oral group were dysplasia and the grade of dysplasia of the leukoplakia, and in the laryngeal group, dysplasia had a significant impact. The malignant transformation rate was low for oral patients without biopsy or with no dysplasia, 3.9% and 5.1%, respectively. The malignant transformation occurred over 10 years. Conclusions: Patients with dysplastic leukoplakia have an increased risk of malignant transformation, but the risk is higher with laryngeal than with oral leukoplakia. There is no significant difference between the groups regarding survival with leukoplakia-associated cancer. Oral patients with no dysplastic lesions have a low risk of malignant transformation. A complete excision and long-term follow up are suggested for high-risk patients to diagnose cancer in an early stage and to control late (over 10 years) malignant events.
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