No abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS), in patients suspected COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods: Two hundred nine nonenhanced chest computed tomography images of patients with clinically suspected COVID-19 pneumonia were included. The images were evaluated by 2 groups of observers, consisting of 2 residents-radiologists, using CO-RADS. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used as a reference standard for diagnosis in this study. Sensitivity, specificity, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and intraobserver/interobserver agreement were calculated.Results: COVID-19 Reporting and Data System was able to distinguish patients with positive PCR results from those with negative PCR results with AUC of 0.796 in the group of residents and AUC of 0.810 in the group of radiologists. There was moderate interobserver agreement between residents and radiologist with κ values of 0.54 and 0.57. Conclusions:The diagnostic performance of CO-RADS for predicting COVID-19 pneumonia showed moderate interobserver agreement between residents and radiologists.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of machine learning-based models for predicting carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogene types using radiomics features from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODSPre-treatment MRI images of patients with cervical cancer were collected retrospectively. An HPV DNA oncogene analysis was performed based on cervical biopsy specimens. Radiomics features were extracted from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (CE-T1) and T2-weighted images (T2WI). A third feature subset was created as a combined group by concatenating the CE-T1 and T2WI subsets. Feature selection was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and wrapper-based sequential-feature selection. Two models were built with each feature subset, using support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR) classifiers. The models were validated using a five-fold cross-validation technique and compared using Wilcoxon's signed rank and Friedman's tests. RESULTSForty-one patients were enrolled in the study (26 were positive for carcinogenic HPV oncogenes, and 15 were negative). A total of 851 features were extracted from each imaging sequence. After feature selection, 5, 17, and 20 features remained in the CE-T1, T2WI, and combined groups, respectively. The SVM models showed 83%, 95%, and 95% accuracy scores, and the LR models revealed 83%, 81%, and 92.5% accuracy scores in the CE-T1, T2WI, and combined groups, respectively. The SVM algorithm performed better than the LR algorithm in the T2WI feature subset (P = 0.005), and the feature sets in the T2WI and the combined group performed better than CE-T1 in the SVM model (P = 0.033 and 0.006, respectively). The combined group feature subset performed better than T2WI in the LR model (P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONMachine learning-based radiomics models based on pre-treatment MRI can detect carcinogenic HPV status with discriminative accuracy. KEYWORDSArtificial intelligence, human papillomavirus DNA tests, machine learning, radiology, uterine cervical neoplasms C ervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer and the second most common in women aged 15-44. 1 The etiological factor in more than 95% of cervical cancer cases is human papillomavirus (HPV). [2][3][4] Fifteen of more than 200 oncogene types are identified as high risk, and type-16 and -18 HPV infections are the most common in women with cervical cancer. 5 In addition, several studies in the literature report that HPV DNA status is From the Clinic of Radiology (O.İ. 