Betulin containing products were obtained in a yield of about 40% from absolutely dry birch bark. The content of betulin in the products was 74-75% or 85-89% depending on the presence of sodium or potassium hydroxide, respectively. The one step method of extraction of high purity betulin (97.7%) is pre sented. Betulin was identified by physic chemical methods, i.e., elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectros copy, and electron scanning microscopy. The thermal characteristics of betulin were also studied. It was shown that betulin exhibits gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and capillary strengthening properties.

No abstract

Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological disorders. In these circumstances, more than 25% of the patients are women of reproductive age. The aim of our research was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of antiepileptic therapy in women with epilepsy during pregnancy and to analyze the pregnancies' outcomes. We included in our research 121 pregnancies of 101 women aged at the moment of childbearing about 26.9 ± 4.57 years old. Idiopathic forms of epilepsy were predominant among all causes-47.1% (р < 0.01). Of all cases, 65.4% remained seizure-free from generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), including 69.6% of all idiopathic epilepsy cases and 68.6% among symptomatic ones. The antiepileptic drugs (AED) dosages were exceeding teratogenic level at the moment of conception in 54.7% of the cases. Worse control of epileptic seizures was associated with Benzobarbital (66.7%) and Lamotrigine (50.0%). Women with epilepsy did not receive specialized neurological therapy before conception in most cases, which leaded to the usage of AED teratogenic doses and less effectiveness of AED during pregnancy. It is necessary to plan the pregnancy and prescribe rational treatment for epilepsy starting at the stage of planning and during gestation in order to obtain a better seizures control and to decrease congenital disorders risk in fetus.

The obtained data confirm the efficacy and high safety profile of Cocarnit in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Öåëüþ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñòàëî èçó÷åíèå ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ïðåïàðàòà öèòîôëàâèí ïðè êîððåêöèè êîãíèòèâíûõ íàðóøåíèé ó áîëüíûõ ñàõàðíûì äèàáåòîì 2 òèïà è åãî âëèÿ-íèÿ íà óðîâåíü ìîçãîâîãî íåéðîòðîôè÷åñêîãî ôàêòîðà. Ïðîâåäåí àíàëèç ðåçóëüòàòîâ ëå÷åíèÿ è îáñëåäîâàíèÿ 60 ïàöèåíòîâ ñ äèàãíîçîì "Ñàõàðíûé äèàáåò 2 òèïà" (ÑÄ 2). Ó áîëüøèíñòâà (49 -81,6 %) ïàöèåíòîâ áûëè âûÿâëåíû ëåãêèå (35 -71,4 %) è óìåðåí-íûå (14 -28,6 %) íàðóøåíèÿ êîãíèòèâíûõ ôóíêöèé. Âñå ïàöèåíòû ïîëó÷àëè áàçèñ-íóþ òåðàïèþ ïåðîðàëüíûìè ñàõàðîñíèaeàþùèìè ïðåïàðàòàìè: ìåòôîðìèí â ðåaeèìå ìîíîòåðàïèè -43,3 % (26 ïàöèåíòîâ) è êîìáèíèðîâàííóþ òåðàïèþ (ìåòôîð-ìèí + ãëèêëàçèä) -56,6 % (34 ïàöèåíòà). Êðîìå òîãî, 30 ïàöèåíòîâ (îñíîâíàÿ ãðóïïà) ïîëó÷àëè êîìïëåêñíûé ìåòàáîëè÷åñêèé ïðåïàðàò öèòîôëàâèí åaeåäíåâíî âíóòðèâåííî êàïåëüíî 10 ìë ðàñòâîðà, ðàçâåäåííîãî â 200 ìë 0,9 % íàòðèÿ õëîðèäà â òå÷åíèå 10 ñóò ñ ïåðåõîäîì íà òàáëåòèðîâàííóþ ôîðìó -ïî 2 òàáëåòêè 2 ðàçà â äåíü â òå÷åíèå 25 ñóò. Ãðóïïó êîíòðîëÿ (n = 30) ñîñòàâèëè áîëüíûå, ïîëó÷àâøèå òîëüêî áàçèñíóþ ñà-õàðîñíèaeàþùóþ òåðàïèþ. Âêëþ÷åíèå â ñõåìó êîìïëåêñíîé òåðàïèè ïàöèåíòîâ ñ ÑÄ 2 öèòîôëàâèíà îáåñïå÷èëî áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíóþ êîððåêöèþ êîãíèòèâíûõ íàðóøåíèé, ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ áàçèñíîé òåðàïèåé, ýòî ïîäòâåðaeäåíî ðåçóëüòàòàìè íåéðîïñèõîëîãè÷å-ñêîãî òåñòèðîâàíèÿ (ïî îöåíêå òåñòà ÌîÑÀ): óëó÷øåíèå îïòèêî-ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîé äå-ÿòåëüíîñòè, âíèìàíèÿ, àáñòðàêòíîãî ìûøëåíèÿ è ïàìÿòè â ñðåäíåì íà 14,2 %, ïî ñðàâ-íåíèþ ñî çíà÷åíèåì äî ëå÷åíèÿ (ð < 0,01) è ó ïàöèåíòîâ ãðóïïû ñòàíäàðòíîãî ëå÷åíèÿ. Ó ïàöèåíòîâ â ãðóïïå ñðàâíåíèÿ ïîëîaeèòåëüíàÿ äèíàìèêà àíàëîãè÷íûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ ñîñòàâèëà â ñðåäíåì 7,9 %. Èññëåäîâàíèå óðîâíÿ ìîçãîâîãî íåéðîòðîôè÷åñêîãî ôàê-òîðà (BDNF) â ñûâîðîòêå êðîâè âûÿâèëî äîñòîâåðíîå ïîâûøåíèå ïîêàçàòåëÿ â äèíà-ìèêå ó ïàöèåíòîâ, ïîëó÷èâøèõ öèòîôëàâèí ñ (1475,13 ± 421,26) äî (1839,44 ± 494,78) ïã/ìë (ð < 0,01), â îòëè÷èå îò ïàöèåíòîâ êîíòðîëüíîé ãðóïïû ñ (1625,41 ± 322,53) äî (1592,04 ± 373,47) ïã/ìë, âûÿâëåíà ïîëîaeèòåëüíàÿ êîððåëÿöèîí-íàÿ ñâÿçü ìåaeäó äàííûìè òåñòà ÌîÑÀ è óðîâíåì BDNF â ñûâîðîòêå êðîâè è: îïòè-êî-ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ (r = 0,589, p < 0,01), íàçûâàíèåì (aeèâîòíûå) (r = 0,346, p < 0,01), âíèìàíèåì (r = 0,401, p < 0,01), ïàìÿòüþ (r = 0,595, p < 0,01) è îá-ùåé ñóììîé áàëëîâ â òåñòå (r = 0,708, p < 0,01). Êðîìå òîãî, âûÿâëåíà îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ êîððåëÿöèîííàÿ ñâÿçü ìåaeäó óðîâíåì óãëåâîäíîãî îáìåíà (HbA1c) è óðîâíåì BDNF â ñûâîðîòêå êðîâè (r = -0,494, p < 0,01) â îáåèõ ãðóïïàõ.Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ìîçãîâîé íåéðîòðîôè÷åñêèé ôàêòîð (BDNF); êîãíèòèâíûå íàðóøå-íèÿ; òåñò ÌîÑÀ; ñàõàðíûé äèàáåò 2 òèïà; öèòîôëàâèí; êîððåêöèÿ. ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅÑàõàðíûé äèàáåò (ÑÄ) ÿâëÿåòñÿ ìåòàáîëè÷åñêèì çà-áîëåâàíèåì, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèìñÿ õðîíè÷åñêîé ãèïåðã-ëèêåìèåé, êîòîðàÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåçóëüòàòîì íàðóøåíèÿ ñåêðåöèè èíñóëèíà, äåéñòâèÿ èíñóëèíà èëè ýôôåêòîì îáîèõ ýòèõ ôàêòîðîâ [5]. íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ âî âñåì ìèðå ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ ðîñò çàáîëåâàåìîñòè ÑÄ 2 òèïà (ÑÄ 2), äîñòèãàþùèé óaeå ìàñøòàáîâ ýïèäåìèè íåèíôåêöèîííîãî õàðàêòåðà. ×èñëåííîñòü áîëüíûõ ÑÄ 2 çà ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû âûðîñ-ëà áîëåå ÷åì â 2 ðàçà è, ñîãëàñíî ïðîãíîçàì Ìåaeäóíà-ðîäíîé äèàáåòè÷åñêîé ôåä...