Refined bleached deodorised palm oil (RBDPO) was blended with 4–25 wt‐% hydrogenated palm oil (HPO). The physical, chemical and rheological properties of these samples were studied during 4 wk of storage at 15 °C. During storage, it was observed that there was an increase in solid fat content, compression force, hardness index (HI), melting temperatures, and storage modulus (G') with increasing concentration of HPO in the blends and with storage time. X‐ray diffraction results showed that the crystal networks of the blends were stabilised in the β' polymorphic form. However, in pure RBDPO, a very weak β form was observed. An increase in storage modulus (G'), compression force and HI indicated that the crystal networks of the blends became more highly structured with increasing storage time and concentration of HPO, which implies that post‐hardening had occurred without transformation of the polymorphic form from β’ to β.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using commercial starter cultures for quality improvement of spreadable processed cheese manufactured from ultrafiltered milk retentates. Compared to control, six samples of ultrafiltered milk retentate were incubated at 25 ℃ with starter cultures CHN-22, FRC-60, and ABT-8. Three samples were incubated for 24 h and the others were incubated for 72 h. Physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic characteristics in all treatments during the 90-day cold storage (6 ± 2 ℃) period were determined. The results showed that protein content of all treatments was significantly lower than the control. Utilization of starter cultures in ultrafiltered processed cheese production increased titratable acidity, where titratable acidity of the treatments (PC, PC, and PC) was significantly higher than the other treatments and the control. PC, PC, and PC treatments were the highest penetrometer readings and with low firmness. All treatments had higher water soluble nitrogen/total nitrogen%, total bacterial viable and lactic acid bacterial counts especially PC, PC, and PC compared to the control. The results revealed that PC and PC treatments gained the highest acceptability scores than PC, PC, and the control.
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