: A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 at KVK, Indore to study the effect of different land configuration on the yield of soybean. The experiment consisted of three treatments of land configuration, viz., T 1 (FIRBS layout), T 2 (Ridge and furrow layout), T 3 (BBF layout), under RBD design with seven replications. Result showed that significant increase was observed in yield contributing characters viz., number of pods plant -1 , 100 seed weight (g), seed yield (q ha -1 ) and harvest index (%) in FIRBS layout as compared to ridges and furrow and broad bed furrow. The net return is the best index of profitability of soybean crop and higher net return per ha of Rs. 24699 was recorded for soybean crop under the FIRBS whereas lower net return per ha of Rs. 20808 was recorded under BBF land configuration.
Marigold has earned tremendous popularity as floral crop in Madhya Pradesh particularly at Indore district where it is being commercially cultivated as loose flower at around 2300 hectare in open field condition. With the objectives to address the problem of low yield with poor quality flower of marigold leading to lower economic returns, an assessment of integrated nutrient management with bio fertilizer application in marigold under open field condition was attempted during year 2015-16 and 2016-17 by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kasturbagram consisting 10 innovative farmers with three treatment, including farmers practice T 1 (NPK @ 60-90-32 kg/hac), recommended practice T 2 (NPK 200 kg-100 kg-80 + 20 tonnes FYM/ha) and modified recommended practice T 3 (NPK @ 150 kg-100 kg-80 kg + Azotobacter and PSB @5kg/Hac + 20 tonnes FYM/ha). Out of three treatment, flower yield under the modified recommended practice (105.1 q/ha) was significantly higher than recommended practice (99.23 q/ha) followed by farmers practice (86.40 q/ha). Similarly gross income (Rs. 157650.00), net return (Rs. 96156.00) and BC ratio (2.56) under modified recommended practice were also recorded significantly higher over recommended practice (T 2) and farmers practice (T 1). Flower diameter in terms of centimetre was recorded highest (3.39 cm) under refinement (T 2) followed by recommended (T 2) 3.06 cm and farmer's practice (T 1) 2.45 cm.
Enhancing the production potential and socioeconomic level of farmers, 138 front line demonstrations on chickpea were laid out during the year 2015-16 and 2016-17. Area under the demonstration was 50.56 hectare comprising 138 farmer's of six villages Ramukhedi, Setkhedi, Khudel, Baroda Doulat, Gariya and Akya of district Indore in Madhya Pradesh. Under the technology dissemination programme recommended intervention i.e. suitable variety, integrated nutrient management, integrated pest management were attempted. Recommended practice recorded mean yield of 14.40 q/ha, which was 30.11 per cent higher over the farmers practices (11.06 q/ha). Additional cost under the intervention of Rs. 2740 to 1919 gave additional net return of Rs. 10,917 to Rs. 15,046 per hectare. Higher side benefit: cost ratio (2.4-2.51) was recorded during both the year of study. The extension gap was observed between 3.01 to 3.6 q/ha. The favourable cost benefit ratio exhibited the feasibility of technology demonstrated.
Soil fertility is an important factor, which determines the growth of plant. In general soil chemical fertility and in particular lack of nutrient inputs is a major factor in soil degradation (Hartemink et al., 2010). The available nitrogen was measured by Jain and Singh 2014 from Madhya Pradesh, India its value ranges from 172 ±2.1 to 193.3 kgha -1 for red, and brown soil and 197±4.9 to 215±21 kgha -1 for black soil, 183±19 kgha -1 nitrogen investigate in yellow soil (Jain and Singh, 2014). Phosphorus is also part of every living cell in plant. It is one of the most important micronutrient essential for plant growth. Phosphorus is most often limiting nutrients remains present in plant nuclei and act as a energy storage. It helps in transfer of energy . Adequate phosphorus availability for plants stimulates early plant growth and hastens maturity. The soil with minimum leaching is known to contain high amount of phosphorus as compared to the soil with maximum leaching (Ashraf et al., 2012). Potassium is not an integral part of any major plant component but it plays a key role in a vast array of physiological process vital to plant growth from protein synthesis to maintenance of plant water balance (Sumithra et al., 2013). Soil characterization in relation to evaluation of fertility status of the soils of an area or region is an important aspect in context of sustainable agricultural production. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur are important soil elements that control its fertility and yields of the crops. The use of plant nutrients in a balanced manner is the prime factor for efficient fertilizer program. Balanced nutrient use ensures high production level and helps to maintain the soil health. Because of imbalanced and inadequate fertilizer use coupled with low efficiency of other inputs, the response (production) efficiency of chemical fertilizer nutrients has declined tremendously under intensive agriculture in recent years. Variation in nutrient supply is natural phenomenon and some of them may be sufficient where others deficient. The stagnation in crop productivity cannot be boosted without judicious use of macro and micronutrient fertilizers to overcome existing deficiencies/imbalances. Soil fertility is determined by the presence or absence of nutrients i.e. macro and micronutrients. Soil fertility is the inherent ability of soils to supply nutrient elements to plants. Soil fertility is related to the amount of available nutrients. Some measure it by the yield capacity, and others look it to be a function of organic matter or even soil texture. In brief, soil fertility refers to the availability status of essential macro and micro nutrients in the soil (Tisdale et.al., 1993).
:The farmer's field front line demonstrations were conducted during Kharif season 2014 to 2016 for soybean crop to demonstrate raised bed seed cum fertilizer drill and simple seed drill. Raised bed seed cum fertilizer drill was found better in term of growth characters and yield of soybean in comparison with simple seed drill sowing machine. The net return is the best index of profitability of soybean crop and higher net return per ha of Rs. 25246 was recorded for soybean crop under raised bed seed cum fertilizer drill whereas lower net return per ha of Rs. 17410 was recorded under normal seed drill sowing and yield was found 1440 and 1191 kg/ha, respectively.
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