Background. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to investigate intraindividual correlation of estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, and HER2 status between primary breast cancer and metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Secondary aims included patients' characteristics, overall survival, feasibility of histopathological evaluation in the metastatic setting, and predictive factors associated with receptors status discordance. Methods. Patients with either biopsy of metastatic relapse or surgery of metastasis were identified. Demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment characteristics, and ER, PR, and HER2 statuses were retrospectively obtained in patients' reports. Receptors statuses were assessed by immunohistochemistry with a positivity cutoff of more than 10% for ER and PR. HER2 was considered as positive if overexpression was scored at 3ϩ in immunohistochemistry or if amplification ratio was Ͼ2 in fluorescent in situ hybridization. Results. From a cohort of 489 patients with mBC, 269 patients had histopathological samples of metastatic relapse. Histopathological analysis of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of mBC in 235 patients. Discordance in one or more receptors between primary breast cancer and mBC was found in 99 patients (42%). A switch in receptor status was identified for ER in 17% of tumors (p ϭ 4 ϫ 10), and HER2 in 4% of lesions (p ϭ .16). Exposure to chemotherapy and to anthracycline-based chemotherapy was statistically associated with switches in ER status. Seven (2%) second malignancies and three benign diseases (1%) were diagnosed. Conclusions. This study confirms that discordance in ER and PR receptor expression between the primary breast tumor and the corresponding metastatic lesions is high, whereas HER2 status remains relatively constant. Chemotherapy, and specifically anthracycline-based chemotherapy, was associated with switch in ER status. These results were obtained in a selected population of patients; further studies are warranted to confirm these data and to determine the interest of systematic rebiopsy in the metastatic setting. TheOncologist2013;18: 667-674 Implications for Practice: Discordance in estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression between the primary breast tumor and the corresponding metastatic lesion was high (17% and 29%, respectively), whereas HER2 status remained stable (4% of discordance). Previous chemotherapy, and specifically anthracycline-based chemotherapy, was associated with a switch in estrogen receptor status. Further studies are warranted to confirm these data and to determine the interest of systematic rebiopsy in the metastatic setting. In the era of a more personalized approach to medicine and of genomic investigations of tumors, reliable and recent evaluation of tumor prognostic and predictive factors remains a challenge. INTRODUCTIONThe treatment of metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is complex with few recognized therapeutic standards, particularly after the first line of treatment. Multiple fa...

The development of personalised training programmes is crucial in the management of obesity. We evaluated the ability of 2 heart rate variability analyses to determine ventilatory thresholds (VT) in obese adolescents. 20 adolescents (mean age 14.3±1.6 years and body mass index z-score 4.2±0.1) performed an incremental test to exhaustion before and after a 9-month multidisciplinary management programme. The first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds were identified by the reference method (gas exchanges). We recorded RR intervals to estimate VT1 and VT2 from heart rate variability using time-domain analysis and time-varying spectral-domain analysis. The coefficient correlations between thresholds were higher with spectral-domain analysis compared to time-domain analysis: Heart rate at VT1: r=0.91 vs. =0.66 and VT2: r=0.91 vs. =0.66; power at VT1: r=0.91 vs. =0.74 and VT2: r=0.93 vs. =0.78; spectral-domain vs. time-domain analysis respectively). No systematic bias in heart rate at VT1 and VT2 with standard deviations <6 bpm were found, confirming that spectral-domain analysis could replace the reference method for the detection of ventilatory thresholds. Furthermore, this technique is sensitive to rehabilitation and re-training, which underlines its utility in clinical practice. This inexpensive and non-invasive tool is promising for prescribing physical activity programs in obese adolescents.

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BackgroundThe overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in breast cancer is a poor prognosis. Trastuzumab improves overall survival but is associated with cardiotoxicity, especially a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In addition, chemotherapy and radiotherapy increase fatigue and pain, decrease physical capacity and health-related quality of life. To date, no study has evaluated the benefits of physical activity on the side effects of treatment in patients with HER2 positive breast cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of 3 months’ exercise intervention on myocardial function and in particular on the rate of cardiotoxicity.MethodsThis multicenter, randomized clinical trial will include 112 patients treated by adjuvant trastuzumab for HER2 positive breast cancer to investigate the effects of a 3 months’ supervised exercise program (intermittent exercise, combining moderate and high intensities; 55 minutes duration, 3 times per week), on the rate of cardiotoxicity [defined by either a decrease of the LVEF under 50% or an absolute drop of LVEF of 10%] between baseline and at 3 months and on strength, aerobic capacity, metabolic, inflammatory and hormonal parameters. Health-related quality of life, fatigue, pain and level of physical activity will also be assessed. Participants are randomly allocated to one of the two groups (“training group” vs “standard oncological care”). Performance-based and self-reported outcomes are assessed at baseline, at the end of supervised exercise program and at six months follow-up.DiscussionAlthough physical exercise is recommended to reduce the side effects of adjuvant treatments in breast cancer patients, no randomized study has been conducted to assess the benefits of a physical training program in patients with HER2 overexpressing breast cancer. Cardiac toxicity of trastuzumab may be minimized with an exercise program combining high and moderate intensities. This type of program may be safe, feasible and effective but also increase cardiorespiratory fitness and improve health-related quality of life. If these benefits are confirmed, this exercise intervention could be systematically proposed to patients during the course of treatment by trastuzumab in addition to standard oncological care.Trial registrationNational Clinical Trials Number (NCT02433067); Registration 28 april 2015.

BackgroundTrastuzumab is used, alone or in conjunction with standard chemotherapy, to treat HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). Although it improves cancer outcomes, trastuzumab. can lead to cardiotoxicity. Physical exercise is a safe and effective supportive therapy in the management of side effects, but the cardioprotective effects of exercise are still unclear.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to test whether trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) under 50%, or an absolute drop in LVEF of 10%] was reduced after a supervised exercise program of 3 months in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Secondary endpoints were to evaluate (i) cardiotoxicity rates using other criteria, (ii) cardiac parameters, (iii) cardiorespiratory fitness and (iv) whether a change in LVEF influences the cardiorespiratory fitness.Methods89 women were randomized to receive adjuvant trastuzumab in combination with a training program (training group: TG; n = 46) or trastuzumab alone (control group: CG; n = 43). The primary and secondary endpoints were evaluated at the end of the supervised exercise program of 3 months (T3).ResultsAfter exercise program, 90.5 % of TG patients and 81.8% of CG patients did not exhibit cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, whatever the used criterion, percentage of patients without cardiotoxicity were greater in TG (97.6 and 100% respectively) than in CG (90.9 and 93.9% respectively). LVEF and GLS values remained stable in both groups without any difference between the groups. In contrast, at T3, peak VO2 (+2.6 mL.min−1.kg−1; 95%CI, 1.8 to 3.4) and maximal power (+21.3 W; 95%CI, 17.3 to 25.3) increased significantly in TG, whereas they were unchanged in CG (peak VO2: +0.2 mL.min−1.kg−1; 95%CI, −0.5 to 0.9 and maximal power: +0.7 W, 95%CI, −3.6 to 5.1) compared to values measured at T0. No correlation between LVEF changes and peak VO2 or maximal power was observed.ConclusionA 12-week supervised exercise regimen was safe and improved the cardiopulmonary fitness in particular peak VO2, in HER2-positive BC patients treated with adjuvant trastuzumab therapy. The study is under powered to come to any conclusion regarding the effect on cardiotoxicity.Clinical trial registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02433067.