Outbreaks of infectious etiology, particularly those caused by a novel virus that has no known treatment or vaccine, may result in the interruption of medical care provided to patients with cancer and put them at risk for undertreatment in addition to the risk of being exposed to infection, a life-threatening event among patients with cancer. This article describes the approach used to manage patients with cancer during a large-scale Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus hospital outbreak in Saudi Arabia to ensure continuity of care and minimize harm from treatment interruption or acquiring infection. The approach taken toward managing this high-risk situation (COVID-19) could be easily adopted by health care organizations and would be helpful to ensure readiness for the occurrence of future outbreaks of different infectious etiologies like those recent episodes of new coronavirus.JCO Global Oncol 6:518-524.
Objectives:
To assess whether the utility of cervical cancer screening could be improved by combining multiple factors in addition to the pap test.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study of 300 symptomatic women who were suspected to have cervical cancer and referred for biopsy examination at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between February 2017 and December 2017.
Results:
A high risk of cervical cancer in Saudi women was associated with 4 risk factors: family history (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.216; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.433–12.400), vaginal bleeding (aOR, 3.959; 95% CI, 1.272–12.318), hypertension (aOR, 4.554; 95% CI, 1.606–12.912), and an abnormal pap smear test (aOR, 13.985; 95% CI, 5.108–38.284). The model yields an adequate utility (area under the curve, 87.5%, 95% CI, 80.9-94.0%) with acceptable goodness-of-fit (
p
=0.6915).
Conclusion:
The pap smear test alone is inadequate to assess high risk for cervical cancer in our center. Early detection of cervical cancer may require consideration of a combination of factors including the pap test. This study has shown that using a combination of abnormal family history, vaginal bleeding, hypertension, and the pap smear test improved the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening.
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